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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ19.504</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2030</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экологическая генетика</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Ecological genetics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Митотип Drosophila melanogaster может иметь адаптивное значение</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A Drosophila melanogaster mitotype may have an adaptive meaning</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-0363</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петровский</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrovskii</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">dm_petr@ngs.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6341-8522</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаренко</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharenko</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">zakharlp@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; &#13;
Институт систематики и экологии животных Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS; &#13;
Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, SB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; &#13;
Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS; &#13;
Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>05</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>370</fpage><lpage>374</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петровский Д.В., Захаренко Л.П., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петровский Д.В., Захаренко Л.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrovskii D.V., Zakharenko L.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2030">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2030</self-uri><abstract><p>В природных популяциях Drosophila melanogaster обнаруживают несколько митохондриальных клад, отличающихся друг от друга по первичной последовательности. Чаще всего это однонуклеотидные замены, часть из них консервативна. Одни клады встречаются редко, другие доминируют. В семи исследованных на сегодняшний день популяциях D. melanogaster клада III преобладает по сравнению с кладами V и VI. Мы сравнивали линии D. melanogaster с разными митотипами, но с выровненными в течение нескольких поколений беккроссами ядерными геномами, по двигательной активности (с использованием TriKinetics Drosophila Activity Monitor), энергообмену (методом непрямой калориметрии, на основе измерения потребления кислорода) и по длительности жизни (в экстремальных условиях содержания при 29 °С). По нашим данным, у особей с митотипом, относящимся к кладе III, выше уровень локомоторной активности и больше продолжительность жизни. По энергопотреблению исследованные линии не различаются. Однако один и тот же уровень энергообмена может быть по-разному распределен между состоянием активности и состоянием покоя. Если энергообмен в состоянии покоя у мух с разной локомоторной активностью одинаков, то особь при одинаковых тратах суммарной энергии может перемещаться на большее расстояние или дольше проявлять активность. Это можно интерпретировать как преимущество линии с митотипом, относящимся к кладе III, по сравнению с двумя другими исследованными митотипами, относящимися к кладам V и VI. Если особи имеют разный энергообмен в покое, то линии с наименьшим энергообменом в покое потратят меньше энергии при вынужденном бездействии. И в этом случае митотип, относящийся к кладе III, будет иметь преимущества. Какие нуклеотидные замены в этом митотипе могут обеспечивать адаптивное преимущество, пока остается непонятным. Мы предполагаем, что особи из широко распространенной клады III могут иметь адаптивные преимущества по сравнению с другими митотипами благодаря большей локомоторной активности даже при одинаковом энергообмене. Требуются дальнейшие исследования, поскольку митотипы полиморфны по набору однонуклеотидных замен не только между кладами, но и внутри клады.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Several different mitochondrial clades have been found in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Most often, the difference is in single nucleotide substitutions, some of which are conservative. Some clades are rare, and others dominate. It has been reported that clade III dominates over clades V and VI in seven populations of D. melanogaster. We compared D. melanogaster strains with different mitotypes by locomotor activity (using TriKinetics Drosophila Activity Monitor), energy expenditure (by indirect calorimetry, based on measuring oxygen consumption) and life span (under extreme conditions at 29 °C). The nuclear genomes of these strains were aligned for several generations by backcrosses. According to our data, individuals with the mitotype from clade III had a higher level of locomotor activity and longer life span. In terms of energy expenditure, the strains studied did not differ. However, the same level of energy expenditure may be differently distributed between the state of activity and the state of rest or sleep. If the energy expenditure during the sleep in flies with different locomotor activity is the same, then an individual with the same overall energy expenditure can move a greater distance or be active longer. This can be interpreted as an advantage of the strain with the mitotype from clade III compared to the other two mitotypes studied. If individuals have different energy expenditure values at rest, the strains with lower energy expenditure at rest spend less energy during forced inactivity. In this case, the mitotype from clade III should also be advantageous. What nucleotide substitutions in the mitotype from clade III can provide an adaptive advantage is not clear yet. We assume that individuals with widespread clade М(III) may have adaptive advantages compared to other mitotypes due to their greater locomotor activity even with the same energy expenditure. Further studies are required, for mitotypes are polymorphic for single nucleotide polymorphism not only between but also within the clades.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Drosophila melanogaster</kwd><kwd>митотип</kwd><kwd>продолжительность жизни</kwd><kwd>локомоторная активность</kwd><kwd>энергообмен</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Drosophila melanogaster</kwd><kwd>mitotype</kwd><kwd>life span</kwd><kwd>locomotor activity</kwd><kwd>energy expenditure</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>The study was supported by State Budgeted Project 0324-2019-0041. Use of the equipment provided by the Shared Access “Center of Laboratory Animal Genetic Resources” of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (Novosibirsk), was supported by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science (unique project identifier RFMEFI62117X0015).  The authors are grateful to N.E. Gruntenko for providing the specimen strains, and to Yu.Yu. Ilinsky for information on mitotype characteristics.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was supported by State Budgeted Project 0324-2019-0041. Use of the equipment provided by the Shared Access “Center of Laboratory Animal Genetic Resources” of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (Novosibirsk), was supported by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science (unique project identifier RFMEFI62117X0015).  The authors are grateful to N.E. Gruntenko for providing the specimen strains, and to Yu.Yu. 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