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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-212</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПОЛИПЛОИДИЯ И МЕЖВИДОВАЯ ГИБРИДИЗАЦИЯ В ЭВОЛЮЦИИ ЦВЕТКОВЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родионов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">avrodionov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова РАН;&#13;
кафедра цитологии Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета, Санкт-Петербург, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4/2</issue><fpage>916</fpage><lpage>929</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Родионов А.В., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Родионов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Родионов А.В.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/212">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/212</self-uri><abstract><p>Спонтанно возникающие природные гибриды между двумя видами растений известны ботаникам с начала XVIII в. В 1716 г. К. Мэзер (Cotton Mather) наблюдал естественную гибридизацию между двумя видами тыкв; в 1717 г. Т.Файрчайлд (T. Fairchild) впервые получил искусственные гибриды между двумя видами гвоздики (Dianthus cariophyllus и D. barbatus) (Вульф, 1940. С. 42). Открытие пола у растений и последовательное экспериментальное исследование феномена межвидовой и межлинейной гибридизации у растений, начатое в Ботаническом саду Академии наук в Санкт-Петербурге Йозефом Кёлрейтером и продолженное затем О. Нодэном, Г. Менделем, Г. де Фризом, К.Э. Корренсом, У. Бэтсоном, закономерно привело к появлению генетики. Примечательно, что само название нашей науки впервые было обнародовано и принято на конференции, посвященной проблеме гибридизации у растений. А именно на III конференции по гибридизации и селекции растений в Лондоне в июле 1906 г. У. Бэтсон, президент конференции, в своем обращении к участникам, названном «The Progress of Genetic Research», ярко и убедительно продемонстрировал, что уже появилась наука, направленная на изучение явлений наследственности и изменчивости, подразумевающая выходы на проблемы эволюции и систематики, на решение практических проблем селекции животных и растений – новая наука, у которой еще нет короткого и ясного названия, – и предложил назвать ее «genetics». Выступление Бэтсона было настолько убедительным, что редактор трудов этой конференции У. Уилкс (W. Wilks), подготовив к изданию том с материалами конференции, дал ему название «Report of the Third International Conference 1906 on Genetics; Hybridization (the cross-breeding of genera or species), the crossbreeding of varieties, and general plant-breeding» (Report … 1906). Напомним, что официальное название конференции было «International Conference on Hybridisation and Plant Breeding». Открывался том трудов этой конференции портретом Г. 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