References

vavilov

Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding

2500-3259

Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS

10.18699/VJ19.506

vavilov-2128

Research Article

МОЛЕКУЛЯРНАЯ И КЛЕТОЧНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ

MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY

Стресс-индуцированная активация транспозонов в экологическом морфогенезе

The role of transposable elements in the ecological morphogenesis under the influence of stress

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4091-382X

Мустафин

Р. Н.

Mustafin

R. N.

ruji79@mail.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-3334

Хуснутдинова

Э. К.

Khusnutdinova

E. K.

elzakh@mail.ru

Башкирский государственный медицинский университетРоссияBashkir State Medical University;Russian Federation

Башкирский государственный медицинский университет; Институт биохимии и генетики – обособленное структурное подразделение Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наукРоссияBashkir State Medical University; Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of RASRussian Federation

2019

05072019

234380389

2019

Мустафин Р.Н., Хуснутдинова Э.К.

Mustafin R.N., Khusnutdinova E.K.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2128

Инсерционный мутагенез, обусловленный транспозициями мобильных элементов, лежит в основе изменений геномов в естественном отборе. Транспозоны являются сенсором экологических стрессовых воздействий, благодаря чему воздействия стрессоров на организмы потенцируют изменения расположения транспозонов, что способствует адаптации и видообразованию. Это обусловлено изменением механизмов морфогенеза, так как транспозоны содержат в своем составе регуляторные последовательности, оказывающие циси транс-воздействие на экспрессию специфических белок-кодирующих генов. Мобильные генетические элементы способны также к сайт-специфическим перемещениям, которые приводят к активации генов стрессового ответа. Кроме того, транспозоны служат источниками микроРНК, siРНК, длинных некодирующих РНК и сайтов связывания с транскрипционными факторами. В эволюции благодаря мобильным генетическим элементам возникают новые белок-кодирующие гены путем одомашнивания, экзонизации и дупликации. Данные гены содержат нуклеотидные последовательности, которые взаимодействуют с процессированными из транспозонных транскриптов некодирующими РНК, в связи с чем они находятся под управлением эпигенетических регуляторных сетей с участием мобильных генетических элементов. Поэтому наследуемые особенности расположения и состава транспозонов могут иметь значение в характере реагирования на определенные экологические стрессорные воздействия. Это служит основой для отбора и выживания особей со специфическим составом и характером расположения транспозонов, способствующих адаптации при определенных средовых условиях. В эволюции свойство транспозонов перемещаться в специфические сайты генома, регулировать экспрессию генов и взаимодействовать с транскрипционными факторами, наряду со способностью реагировать на экологические стрессоры, является основой для быстрой изменчивости и видообразования за счет модулирования управления онтогенезом. Роль транспозонов в экологическом морфогенезе подтверждена данными об их тканеи стадиеспецифических особенностях активации и участии в управлении дифференцировкой клеток в эмбриогенезе и постнатальном развитии. Дополнительным источником изменчивости служит горизонтальный перенос транспозонов, способствующий изменению их состава в геномах.

In natural selection, insertional mutagenesis is an important source of genome variability. Transposons are sensors of environmental stress effects, which contribute to adaptation and speciation. These effects are due to changes in the mechanisms of morphogenesis, since transposons contain regulatory sequences that have cis and trans effects on specific protein-coding genes. In variability of genomes, the horizontal transfer of transposons plays an important role, because it contributes to changing the composition of transposons and the acquisition of new properties. Transposons are capable of site-specific transpositions, which lead to the activation of stress response genes. Transposons are sources of non-coding RNA, transcription factors binding sites and protein-coding genes due to domestication, exonization, and duplication. These genes contain nucleotide sequences that interact with non-coding RNAs processed from transposons transcripts, and therefore they are under the control of epigenetic regulatory networks involving transposons. Therefore, inherited features of the location and composition of transposons, along with a change in the phenotype, play an important role in the characteristics of responding to a variety of environmental stressors. This is the basis for the selection and survival of organisms with a specific composition and arrangement of transposons that contribute to adaptation under certain environmental conditions. In evolution, the capability to transpose into specific genome sites, regulate gene expression, and interact with transcription factors, along with the ability to respond to stressors, is the basis for rapid variability and speciation by altering the regulation of ontogenesis. The review presents evidence of tissue-specific and stage-specific features of transposon activation and their role in the regulation of cell differentiation to confirm their role in ecological morphogenesis.

изменчивостьморфогенезстресстранспозоныэволюция

: variabilitymorphogenesisstresstransposable elementsevolution

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.