vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ19.512vavilov-2136Research ArticleГЕНОФОНД И СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENE POOL AND BREEDINGФакторы, влияющие на репродуктивную способность инбредных растений свеклы столовой при создании линейного материала для селекцииFactors to affect inbred beet plants while developing material for linear selectionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7533-5185ФедороваМ. И.FedorovaM. I.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1319-5631КозарьЕ. Г.KozarE. G.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9897-0413ВетроваС. А.VetrovaS. A.lana-k2201@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9821-5381ЗаячковскийВ. А.ZayachkovskyiV. A.СтепановВ. А.StepanovV. A.Федеральный научный центр овощеводстваРоссияFederal Scientific Vegetable CenterRussian Federation201907072019234439447Copyright © Федорова М.И., Козарь Е.Г., Ветрова С.А., Заячковский В.А., Степанов В.А., 20192019Федорова М.И., Козарь Е.Г., Ветрова С.А., Заячковский В.А., Степанов В.А.Fedorova M.I., Kozar E.G., Vetrova S.A., Zayachkovskyi V.A., Stepanov V.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2136

Генеративная система Beta vulgaris L. по своему устройству и возможностям относится к высоковоспроизводящей. При самоопылении репродуктивный потенциал перекрестноопыляемых растений свеклы столовой, имеющих гаметофитный тип самонесовместимости, существенно изменяется и определяется совокупным действием разных факторов, в том числе и уровнем инбредной депрессии. Впервые на культуре свеклы столовой получены оригинальные данные о характере взаимосвязей семенной продуктивности инбредных растений с функциональными параметрами микрогаметофита и степенью самонесовместимости, что имеет важное значение при создании и поддержании константных фертильных линий. Установлено, что в результате инбредной депрессии увеличивается число стерильных микрогамет и пыльцевых зерен с аномальным развитием; снижается фертильность пыльцы и длина пыльцевых трубок; семенная продуктивность в потомствах инбредных растений, в том числе склонных к самоопылению, резко снижается уже после третьего инбридинга. При этом для высокопродуктивных инбредных растений свеклы столовой характерна меньшая скорость роста пыльцевых трубок в условиях in vitro. Между уровнем жизнеспособности пыльцы и семенной продуктивностью инбредных растений тесная взаимосвязь отсутствует ввиду того, что элиминация проросших мужских гамет и дегенерация зародышей семян могут происходить на всем протяжении прогамной и последующих фаз оплодотворения. Дегенерирующих зародышей у самонесовместимых форм намного больше, чем у самофертильных, но в результате разрастания околоплодника у семян с недоразвитыми зародышами наблюдается морфологическое сходство со всхожими семенами. Поэтому при оценке инбредных растений свеклы столовой по признаку «самонесовместимость/самофертильность» следует учитывать качественные характеристики семян. Использование метода рекуррентной селекции по признакам «семенная продуктивность», «длина пыльцевых трубок» и «полевая всхожесть» повышает выход форм с потенциально высокой самосовместимостью в потомстве. Для поддержания выделенных в инбредных потомствах ценных генотипов необходимо начиная с третьего инбридинга проводить сибсовые скрещивания, что позволяет снизить негативное влияние инбредной депрессии и самонесовместимости.

Considering its capacities, the generative system of Beta vulgaris L. is regarded as highly productive. While inbreeding, the reproductive potential of cross-pollinated beet plants with gametophytic self-incompatibility (SI) changes significantly and is determined by a joint effect of multiple factors including the level of inbred depression. In the present study, original data have been obtained revealing relationships between inbred beet seed productivity, its self-incompatibility and microgametophyte parameters, which is crucial for developing and maintaining constant fertile beet lines. It has been discovered that inbred depression increases the number of sterile microgametes and anomalous pollen grains, reduces pollen fertility and the length of pollen tubes. As a result, the seed yield in inbred beet progeny, including SI ones, reduces significantly just after the third inbreeding. At the same time, highly productive inbred beet is characterized by a lower rate of pollen tube growth in vitro. In inbred plants, there is no close relationship between pollen viability and seed productivity, because the elimination of germinated male gametes and degeneration of seed embryos may go over the entire period of fertilization starting its progamic phase. The SI plants have more degenerating embryos than self-fertile ones, but seed vessel outgrowth in the seeds with abortive embryos makes them morphologically similar to fertile seeds. For that reason, when assessing inbred beet plants based on their self-incompatibility/self-fertility, one should consider the qualitative characteristics of the seeds. Using the method of recurrent selection based on such factors as seed productivity, pollen tube length and field germination rate increase the output of plant forms with a potentially high self-compatibility in their progeny. To support such genotypes in the progeny, one has to, starting from the third inbreeding, perform sib crossing to reduce the negative effect of inbred depression and self-incompatibility.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.