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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ19.516</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2142</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА ЧЕЛОВЕКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HUMAN GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Популяционная генетика полиглутаминовых спиноцеребеллярных атаксий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Population genetics of spinoсerebellar ataxias caused by polyglutamine expansions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-4733</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шуваев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shuvaev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">shuvaevanton2016@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8384-5962</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белозор</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belozor</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-2029</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смольникова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smolnikova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7458-127X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлева</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovleva</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3887-1413</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шуваев</surname><given-names>Андр. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shuvaev</surname><given-names>Andr. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9597-2704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казанцева</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazantseva</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7857-0490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пожиленкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pozhilenkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5427-1688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Можей</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mozhei</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1824-1764</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каспаров</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasparov</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, НИИ молекулярной медицины и патобиохимии<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Красноярский государственный медицинский университет имени профессора В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, НИИ молекулярной медицины и патобиохимии;&#13;
Федеральный исследовательский центр «Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», НИИ медицинских проблем Севера<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry; &#13;
Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Сибирский федеральный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Krasnoyarsk State Center of Medical Genetics<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Красноярский краевой медико-генетический центр<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Krasnoyarsk State Center of Medical Genetics<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru">Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта;&#13;
Университет Бристоля<country>Великобритания</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University;  &#13;
University of Bristol<country>United Kingdom</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>473</fpage><lpage>481</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шуваев А.Н., Белозор О.С., Смольникова М.В., Яковлева Д.А., Шуваев А.Н., Казанцева О.М., Пожиленкова Е.А., Можей О.И., Каспаров С., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шуваев А.Н., Белозор О.С., Смольникова М.В., Яковлева Д.А., Шуваев А.Н., Казанцева О.М., Пожиленкова Е.А., Можей О.И., Каспаров С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shuvaev A.N., Belozor O.S., Smolnikova M.V., Yakovleva D.A., Shuvaev A.N., Kazantseva O.M., Pozhilenkova E.A., Mozhei O.I., Kasparov S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2142">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2142</self-uri><abstract><p>Наследственные заболевания нервной системы – одна из наиболее актуальных проблем медицины XXI века. Особо выделяются те, которые доминируют в этой группе. К таким заболеваниям, безусловно, можно отнести полиглутаминовые спиноцеребеллярные атаксии (СЦА), имеющие в своей основе молекулярные механизмы быстро прогрессирующей экспансии среди различных групп населения нашей планеты. Это СЦА1, 2, 3, 6, 7 и 17, фенотипически объединенные в одну группу по принципу развития мозжечковой атаксии вследствие специфических генетических причин. Субстратом данных генетических заболеваний является ЦАГ тринуклеотидная последовательность (цитозин-аденин-гуанин), которая имеет тенденцию к увеличению при передаче генома последующим поколениям. Поэтому характерная особенность этих заболеваний – не только количественное увеличение больных, но и качественное изменение течения их неврологической симптоматики. Все это отражается в структуре заболеваемости полиглутаминовыми СЦА как на глобальном общемировом уровне, так и на уровне отдельных групп населения конкретных регионов. Однако большинство работ, посвященных популяционной генетике полиглутаминовых СЦА, ограничиваются количественными показателями конкретной нозологии на определенной территории, тогда как история возникновения и принципы распространения полиглутаминовых СЦА на сегодняшний день исследованы недостаточно хорошо. Это не позволяет делать долгосрочные прогнозы относительно динамики в последующих поколениях и управлять мутагенным процессом. В настоящей работе представлен детальный анализ популяционной генетики полиглутаминовых СЦА, выведены общие генетические и частные закономерности их развития и особенности популяционной динамики в мире и в Российской Федерации. Обозначены проблемы в исследовании и выявлении таких заболеваний. Для лучшего понимания необходимо охватить широкий пласт популяций Африки, Азии и Южной Америки, что будет возможно при развитии новых методов молекулярной генетики. Такой подход к исследованию полиглутаминовых СЦА позволяет обозначить их место в контексте генетических заболеваний головного мозга и определить особенности распространения и методов генетической профилактики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hereditary disorders of the neuronal system are some of the most important problems of medicine in the XXI century. The most interesting representatives of this group are highly prevalent polyglutamine spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). It has a basement for quick progression of expansion among different groups all over the World. These diseases are SCA1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 17, which phenotypically belong to one group due to similarities in clinics and genetics. The substrate of these genetic conditions is CAG trinucleotide repeat of Ataxin genes which may expand in the course of reproduction. For this reason a characteristic feature of these diseases is not only an increase in patient numbers, but also a qualitative change in the progression of their neurological symptoms. All these aspects are reflected in the structure of the incidence of polyglutamine SCAs, both at the global level and at the level of individual population groups. However, most scientific reports that describe the population genetics of polyglutamine SCAs are limited to quantitative indicators of a specific condition in a certain area, while the history of the occurrence and principles of the distribution of polyglutamine SCAs are poorly understood. This prevents long-term predictions of the dynamics of the disease and development of strategies for controlling the spread of mutations in the populations. In this paper we make a detailed analysis of the polyglutamine SCAs population genetics, both in the whole world and specifically in theRussian Federation. We note that for a better analysis it would be necessary to cover a wider range of populations in Africa, Asia andSouth America, which will be possible with the development of new methods for molecular genetics. Development of new methods of detection of polyglutamine SCAs will allow the scientists to better understand how they lead to the brain disease, the means of their spread in the population and to develop better methods for therapy and prevention of these diseases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спиноцеребеллярная атаксия</kwd><kwd>полиглутаминовые заболевания</kwd><kwd>популяционная генетика</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spinocerebellar ataxia</kwd><kwd>polyglutamine diseases</kwd><kwd>population genetics</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The scientific article was written with support of Russian Foundation of Basic Research (RFBR) grant KO_a 17-54-10005 and grant “Competitiveness Enhancement Program” for Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alendar A., Euljkovic B., Savic D., Djarmati A., Keckarevic M., Ristic A., Dragasevic N., Kosic V., Romac S. 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