<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ19.519</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2146</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ И ПОПУЛЯЦИОННАЯ ГЕНЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECOLOGICAL AND POPULATION GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сопряженность двух видов фенотипической изменчивости липы мелколистной</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Conjugacy of two types of phenotypic variability of small-leaved linden</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-4689</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранов</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranov</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">bar.serg58@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3700</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зыков</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zykov</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">zykov-oz@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7422-8751</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Владимирский государственный университет им. А.Г. и Н.Г. Столетовых<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Vladimir State University named after A.G. and N.G. Stoletovs<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Государственный гуманитарно-технологический университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">State Humanitarian Technology University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>496</fpage><lpage>502</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баранов С.Г., Зыков И.Е., Кузнецова Д.Д., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баранов С.Г., Зыков И.Е., Кузнецова Д.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baranov S.G., Zykov I.E., Kuznetsova D.D.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2146">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2146</self-uri><abstract><p>Изучены свойства пяти билатерально симметричных признаков листовой пластины липы мелколистной (Tilia cordata Mill.) в четырех популяциях Московской области в 2014–2017 гг. Угловой признак был исключен, так как он обладал свойством направленной асимметрии. Вместо него использован новый линейный признак: расстояние между основанием второй жилки 1-го порядка и основанием первой жилки 2-го порядка на первой жилке 1-го порядка. Популяционное различие во флуктуирующей асимметрии (ФА) было найдено только по первым двум признакам (ширина листа и расстояние между основаниями первой жилки 1-го порядка и второй жилки 2-го порядка). Наибольшая величина ФА листовой пластины была в городской среде, наименьшая – в сельской местности. Получены слабая отрицательная корреляционная связь между величиной пяти линейных признаков листовой пластины и значением ФА, а также слабая положительная корреляционная связь между величиной ФА этих параметров. Наибольшей флуктуационной изменчивостью обладал первый признак, а наибольшей пластической изменчивостью – второй признак. Установлены регрессионная зависимость флуктуационной изменчивости от пластической изменчивости (b1 = 0.25; p &lt; 0.05) и зависимость этих двух видов изменчивости от взаимодействия факторов времени и места сбора листовых пластин. Сделан вывод о сопряженности двух видов изменчивости – флуктуационной и пластической. Асинхронный рост, конкуренция за свет в условиях высокой солнечной активности в 2014–2016 гг. (по сравнению с аномальным летом2017 г.) приводили к повышению ФА из-за дестабилизации механизмов роста и регуляции генной экспрессии, что способствовало снижению стабильности развития. Увеличение ФА и снижение стабильности развития в городских условиях в2016 г. могли быть обусловлены: а) интенсивным потоком автотранспорта в весенне-летний период, б) высоким уровнем залегания грунтовых вод в этой части города и в) повышенной гидролитической кислотностью почвы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The properties of five bilaterally symmetrical features of the leaf blades of the small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) in four populations of the Moscow Region in 2014–2017 were studied. The angle trait was excluded, because it possessed the property of directional asymmetry. Instead, a new linear trait was used: the distance between the base of the second vein of the first order and the base of the first vein of the second order on the first vein of the first order. The population difference in fluctuating asymmetry (FA) was found only in the first two traits (leaf width and distance between the bases of the first vein of the first order and the second vein of the second order). The largest value of FA was in the urban environment, the smallest was in the rural areas. A weak negative correlation was obtained between the magnitude of linear characteristics and the value of FA, as well as a weak positive correlation relationship between the values of FA in five traits. The first trait had the highest fluctuation variability, and the second one had the highest plastic variability. The regression dependence of the fluctuation variability on the plastic variability (b1 = 0.25, p &lt;0.05) and the dependence of these two types of variability on the interaction of the factors “year” and “site of sampling” were revealed. Thus, the conclusion was made about the conjugacy of two types of variability: fluctuation and plastic. According to the authors, asynchronous growth, competition for light in conditions of high solar activity in 2014–2016 compared to the abnormal wet summer of 2017 led to an increase in FA due to destabilization of mechanisms of growth and regulation of gene expression, which contributed to a decrease in the stability of development. The increase in FA and the decrease in the developmental stability in urban ambient in 2016 could be due to: a)an intensive flow of vehicles in spring and summer, b) a high level of groundwater in this part of the city and c) increased hydrolytic acidity of the soil.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>липа мелколистная</kwd><kwd>флуктуирующая асимметрия</kwd><kwd>фенотипическая пластичность</kwd><kwd>стабильность развития</kwd><kwd>флуктуационная изменчивость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>small-leaved linden</kwd><kwd>fluctuating asymmetry</kwd><kwd>phenotypic plasticity</kwd><kwd>stability of development</kwd><kwd>fluctuation variability</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baranov S.G. Use of morphogeometric method for study fluctuating asymmetry in leaves Tilia cordata under industrial pollution. Adv. Environ. Biol. 2014;8(7):2391-2398.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranov S.G. Use of morphogeometric method for study fluctuating asymmetry in leaves Tilia cordata under industrial pollution. Adv. Environ. Biol. 2014;8(7):2391-2398.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baranov S.G., Zykov I.E., Fedorova L.V. Studying Tilia cordata Mill. intraspecific variation on the basis of leaf bilateral asymmetry. Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Biologiya = Tomsk State University Journal. Biology. 2015;2(30):134145. DOI 10.17223/19988591/30/9. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranov S.G., Zykov I.E., Fedorova L.V. Studying Tilia cordata Mill. intraspecific variation on the basis of leaf bilateral asymmetry. Vestnik Tomskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Biologiya = Tomsk State University Journal. Biology. 2015;2(30):134145. DOI 10.17223/19988591/30/9. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bruschi P., Grossoni P., Bussotti F. Within-and among-tree variation in leaf morphology of Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. natural populations. Trees. 2003;17(2):164-172. DOI 10.4236/oje.2013.34033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bruschi P., Grossoni P., Bussotti F. Within-and among-tree variation in leaf morphology of Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. natural populations. Trees. 2003;17(2):164-172. DOI 10.4236/oje.2013.34033.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Debat V., David P. Mapping phenotypes: canalization, plasticity and developmental stability. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2001;16(10):555561. DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02266-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Debat V., David P. Mapping phenotypes: canalization, plasticity and developmental stability. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2001;16(10):555561. DOI 10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02266-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Houle D. A simple model of the relationship between asymmetry and developmental stability. J. Evol. Biol. 2000;13(4):720-730. DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2000.00195.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Houle D. A simple model of the relationship between asymmetry and developmental stability. J. Evol. Biol. 2000;13(4):720-730. DOI 10.1046/j.1420-9101.2000.00195.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klingenberg C.P. A developmental perspective on developmental instability: theory, models and mechanisms. Ed. M. Polak. Developmental Instability: Causes and Consequences. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003;14-34. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0081824.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klingenberg C.P. A developmental perspective on developmental instability: theory, models and mechanisms. Ed. M. Polak. Developmental Instability: Causes and Consequences. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003;14-34. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0081824.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klingenberg C.P. Size, shape, and form: concepts of allometry in geometric morphometrics. Dev. Genes Evol. 2016;226(3):113137. DOI 10.1007/s00427-016-0539-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klingenberg C.P. Size, shape, and form: concepts of allometry in geometric morphometrics. Dev. Genes Evol. 2016;226(3):113137. DOI 10.1007/s00427-016-0539-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lajus D.L., Alekseev V.R. Phenotypic variation and developmental instability of life-history traits: a theory and a case study on within-population variation of resting eggs formation in Daphnia. J. Limnol. 2004;63(Suppl. 1):37-44. DOI 10.4081/jlimnol.2004.s1.37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lajus D.L., Alekseev V.R. Phenotypic variation and developmental instability of life-history traits: a theory and a case study on within-population variation of resting eggs formation in Daphnia. J. Limnol. 2004;63(Suppl. 1):37-44. DOI 10.4081/jlimnol.2004.s1.37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lens L.U., Van Dongen S., Kark S., Matthysen E. Fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of fitness: can we bridge the gap between studies? Biol. Rev. 2002;77(1):27-38. DOI 10.1017/S1464793101005796.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lens L.U., Van Dongen S., Kark S., Matthysen E. Fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of fitness: can we bridge the gap between studies? Biol. Rev. 2002;77(1):27-38. DOI 10.1017/S1464793101005796.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palmer A.R., Strobeck C.H. Fluctuating asymmetry analyses revisited. Ed. M. Polak. Developmental Instability: Causes and Consequences. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003;279-319. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0034689/S1464793101005796.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palmer A.R., Strobeck C.H. Fluctuating asymmetry analyses revisited. Ed. M. Polak. Developmental Instability: Causes and Consequences. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003;279-319. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0034689/S1464793101005796.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scheiner S.M. The genetics of phenotypic plasticity. XIII. Interactions with developmental instability. Ecol. Evol. 2014;4(8):13471360. DOI 10.1002/ece3.1039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scheiner S.M. The genetics of phenotypic plasticity. XIII. Interactions with developmental instability. Ecol. Evol. 2014;4(8):13471360. DOI 10.1002/ece3.1039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sultan S.E. Phenotypic plasticity in plants: a case study in ecological development. Evol. Dev. 2003;5(1):25-33. DOI 10.1046/j.1525-142X.2003.03005.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sultan S.E. Phenotypic plasticity in plants: a case study in ecological development. Evol. Dev. 2003;5(1):25-33. DOI 10.1046/j.1525-142X.2003.03005.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tikhodeev O.N. Classification of variability forms based on phenotype determining factors: Traditional views and their revision. Ekologicheskaya Genetika = Ecological Genetics. 2013;11(3):79-92. DOI 10.17816/ecogen11379-92. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tikhodeev O.N. Classification of variability forms based on phenotype determining factors: Traditional views and their revision. Ekologicheskaya Genetika = Ecological Genetics. 2013;11(3):79-92. DOI 10.17816/ecogen11379-92. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tonsor S.J., Elnaccash T.W., Scheiner S.M. Developmental instability is genetically correlated with phenotypic plasticity, constraining heritability, and fitness. Evolution. 2013;67(10):29232935. DOI 10.1111/evo.12175.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tonsor S.J., Elnaccash T.W., Scheiner S.M. Developmental instability is genetically correlated with phenotypic plasticity, constraining heritability, and fitness. Evolution. 2013;67(10):29232935. DOI 10.1111/evo.12175.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tucić B., Budečević S., Manitašević Jovanović S., Vuleta A., Klingenberg C.P. Phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental heterogeneity contributes to fluctuating asymmetry in plants: first empirical evidence. J. Evol. Biol. 2018;31(2):197-210. DOI 10.1111/jeb.13207.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tucić B., Budečević S., Manitašević Jovanović S., Vuleta A., Klingenberg C.P. Phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental heterogeneity contributes to fluctuating asymmetry in plants: first empirical evidence. J. Evol. Biol. 2018;31(2):197-210. DOI 10.1111/jeb.13207.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Venâncio H., Estevao A.-S., Jean C.S. Leaf phenotypic variation and developmental instability in relation to different light regimes. Acta Bot. Bras. 2016;30(2):296-303. DOI 10.1590/010233062016abb0081.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Venâncio H., Estevao A.-S., Jean C.S. Leaf phenotypic variation and developmental instability in relation to different light regimes. Acta Bot. Bras. 2016;30(2):296-303. DOI 10.1590/010233062016abb0081.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zakharov V.M., Chubinishvili A.T. Monitoring of Environmental Health in Protected Natural Territories. Moscow: Center for the Environmental Policy of Russia, 2001. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharov V.M., Chubinishvili A.T. Monitoring of Environmental Health in Protected Natural Territories. Moscow: Center for the Environmental Policy of Russia, 2001. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zykov I.E., Fedorova L.V., Baranov S.G. Assessment of the biological value of the level of variability of the parameters of leaf blades of small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) in the city of Orekhovo-Zuyevo and the Orekhovo-Zuyevo region. Vestnik Moskovskogo Gosudarstvennogo Oblastnogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki = Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University. Ser. Natural Sciences. 2015;1:15-21. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zykov I.E., Fedorova L.V., Baranov S.G. Assessment of the biological value of the level of variability of the parameters of leaf blades of small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) in the city of Orekhovo-Zuyevo and the Orekhovo-Zuyevo region. Vestnik Moskovskogo Gosudarstvennogo Oblastnogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki = Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University. Ser. Natural Sciences. 2015;1:15-21. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
