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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ19.524</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2204</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT BREEDING FOR IMMUNITY AND PERFORMANCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Характеристика генофонда яровой мягкой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.) по устойчивости к пыльной головне в условиях лесостепи Западной Сибири</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Characteristics of the gene pool of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for resistance to loose smut in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-375X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">Orlova.Lena10@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бехтольд</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baechtold</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Сибирский научно-исследовательский институт растениеводства и селекции – филиал Федерального исследовательского центра Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Siberian Research Institute of Plant Production and Breeding – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>08</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>551</fpage><lpage>558</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Орлова Е.А., Бехтольд Н.П., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Орлова Е.А., Бехтольд Н.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Orlova E.A., Baechtold N.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2204">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2204</self-uri><abstract><p>Среди многочисленных болезней яровой пшеницы, вызываемых патогенными грибами, пыльная головня Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Jens. по-прежнему остается опасным заболеванием. На полях, где отсутствует контроль над проявлением и распространением болезни, недобор урожая может составлять до 10 %, а при возделывании высоковосприимчивых сортов достигать 40–50 %. С учетом возрастающей стоимости протравителей семян и их экологической небезопасности, самым доступным способом защиты растений, снижающим пестицидную нагрузку на агроценозы, является возделывание сортов, невосприимчивых к пыльной головне. Решающий момент в селекции на устойчивость – использование в качестве родительских форм сортов, резистентных к патогену. Целью наших исследований было выделение невосприимчивых к пыльной головне образцов яровой пшеницы на фоне искусственного заражения растений популяцией, специфичной для Западно-Сибирского региона. Приведены результаты многолетних исследований 350 генотипов яровой пшеницы различного эколого-географического происхождения на устойчивость к болезни. Физиологическую специализацию рас U. tritici осуществляли на дифференцирующем наборе, состоящем из шести сортов мягкой и трех сортов твердой яровой пшеницы. Полученные результаты в сочетании с литературными данными свидетельствуют об изменениях в расовом составе, произошедших в культуре патогена за последние 30–35 лет. Выделены сорта иностранной и отечественной селекции, резистентные к западносибирской популяции пыльной головни. На основе анализа родословных образцов, высокои практически устойчивых к головне, сделано предположение, что в селекции на иммунитет к U. tritici чаще всего используют одни и те же источники генов резистентности. Среди генофонда яровой пшеницы иностранной селекции наибольшее количество генотипов, резистентных к пыльной головне, выделяется в странах Североамериканской географической зоны (США, Канада, Мексика). В основном это образцы, несущие гены Ut1, гены от сорта пшеницы Thatcher и ее сестринской линии DC II-21-44. В сортах российской селекции прослеживаются гены от сортов Белотурка, Полтавка, Селивановский Русак (через Саратовскую 29 и ее производные), гены от пшенично-пырейных линий АГИС 1 и Грекум 114.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Among the many diseases of spring wheat caused by pathogenic fungi, loose smut Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Jens. remains to be a dangerous disease with a wide range of distribution. In fields where there is no control over the emergence and spread of the disease, the yield reduction can be up to 10 %, and in the case of highly susceptible varieties, up to 40–50 %. Taking into account the increasing cost of seed protectants and their environmental damage, the cultivation of varieties resistant to loose smut is still the most affordable way to protect plants, reducing the pesticide load on agrocenoses. The crucial point in breeding for resistance is the use of resistant varieties as parental forms. The aim of our research was to isolate samples of spring wheat that are immune to loose smut against the background of artificial infection of plants with a population specific to the West Siberian region. The article presents the results of long-lasting studies of 350 genotypes of spring wheat of different ecological and geographical origin for resistance to disease. Physiological specialization of races was carried out on the basis of a differentiating set consisting of six varieties of soft wheat and three varieties of durum spring wheat. The obtained results in combination with literature data reveal changes in the racial composition of the pathogen population over the past 30–35 years. Varieties of foreign and domestic selection resistant to the West Siberian population of loose smut have been identified. Based on the analysis of pedigree samples, highly and practically resistant to loose smut, we concluded that in breeding for immunity to U. tritici, the same sources of resistance genes are most often used. Among the gene pool of spring wheat of foreign selection, the largest number of genotypes resistant to loose smut is assigned to the countries of the North American geographical zone (USA, Canada, Mexico). These are largely samples containing Ut1 genes, genes from spring wheat ‘Thatcher’ and its sister line ‘DC II-21-44’. Resistance genes in Russian wheat varieties can be traced from cultivars Beloturka, Poltavka, Selivanovsky Hare (using Saratovskaya 29 and its derivatives), and genes from wheatgrass lines AGIS 1 and Grecum 114.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>яровая мягкая пшеница</kwd><kwd>пыльная головня</kwd><kwd>источники устойчивости</kwd><kwd>расы</kwd><kwd>популяция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spring soft wheat</kwd><kwd>loose smut</kwd><kwd>sources of stability</kwd><kwd>races</kwd><kwd>population</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was supported by State Budgeted Project 0324-2019-0039 for ICG.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бахарева Ж.А. Изучение расового состава головневых заболеваний зерновых культур в Западной Сибири. 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