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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-221</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ТРАНСГЕННЫЕ ЖИВОТНЫЕ: ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ И ПРИКЛАДНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серов</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия<country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>01</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4/2</issue><fpage>1055</fpage><lpage>1064</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Серов О.Л., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Серов О.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Серов О.Л.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/221">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/221</self-uri><abstract><p>Геном клетки любого животного и растения постоянно контактирует с чужеродной ДНК других видов или прокариотической ДНК бактерий, грибов, вирусов и т. д. Как правило, цитоплазма клетки «справляется» с этим потоком чужеродной ДНК, поступающей с продуктами питания, расщепляя ее до нуклеотидов в специализированных цитоплазматических структурах, таких как лизосомы. В результате чужеродная ДНК не доходит до ядра клеток и, следовательно, лишена возможности «включиться» в ее геном.</p><p>Исключением являются ретровирусы, способные проникать через клеточные мембраны и достигать ядра клетки и даже встраиваться в ее геном, становясь его облигатным наследуемым компонентом. Это отдельная тема, связанная с эволюцией взаимоотношений геномов вирусов (паразитов) и клеток животных и растений, в ходе которой выработался специальный механизм, позволяющий чужеродной ДНК встраиваться в геном клеток-мишеней, тем самым его модифицируя.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brinster R.L., Chen H.Y., Trumbauer M. et al. 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