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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ19.535</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2215</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОИНФОРМАТИКА И КЛЕТОЧНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOINFORMATICS AND CELL BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тернистый путь макрофаг-активирующего фактора (GcMAF): от открытия к клинической практике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A thorny pathway of macrophage activating factor (GcMAF): from bench to bedside</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6895-938X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Останин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostanin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3426-4501</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирикович</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirikovich</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5543-248X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7650-4331</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Проскурина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Proskurina</surname><given-names>А. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2346-6279</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черных</surname><given-names>Е. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernykh</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2019-9382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богачев</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogachev</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">labmolbiol@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт фундаментальной и клинической иммунологии<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>624</fpage><lpage>631</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Останин А.А., Кирикович С.С., Долгова Е.В., Проскурина А.С., Черных Е.Р., Богачев С.С., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Останин А.А., Кирикович С.С., Долгова Е.В., Проскурина А.С., Черных Е.Р., Богачев С.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ostanin A.A., Kirikovich S.S., Dolgova E.V., Proskurina А.S., Chernykh E.R., Bogachev S.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2215">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2215</self-uri><abstract><p>Витамин Д3-связывающий белок (DBP) представляет собой полифункциональный гликопротеин, основная роль которого заключается в транспорте витамина Д3 и его метаболитов; но он также является предшественником макрофаг-активирующего фактора (GcMAF). DBP конвертируется в GcMAF в результате сайт-специфического селективного дегликозилирования под действием β-галактозидазы и сиалидазы, локализованных на активированных Ви Т-лимфоцитах соответственно. Биологическая активность GcMAF выражается, прежде всего, в его способности активировать макрофаги, усиливая их фагоцитарную функцию и продукцию реактивных форм кислорода. В результате активации на макрофагах повышается экспрессия специфических рецепторов, участвующих в распознавании опухоль-ассоциированных антигенов, а также в реализации прямой противораковой активности через индукцию апоптоза/некроза опухолевых клеток. Повышенный интерес к GcMAF связан с его потенциальной возможностью использования в клинике в качестве нового противоопухолевого препарата. Роль GcMAF проявляется не только при онкологических, но и при целом ряде вирусных и нейродегенеративных заболеваний, при которых в сыворотке больных повышена активность N-ацетилгалактозаминидазы (нагалазы). Нагалаза – это фермент, который полностью, а не селективно дегликозилирует DBP и блокирует, таким образом, образование GcMAF, что приводит к иммунным нарушениям. В обзоре подробно рассмотрены современные данные о структуре и функциях DBP как основного предшественника GcMAF. По своему составу находящийся в циркуляции DBP – это смесь немодифицированных и О-гликозилированных молекул, степень гликозилирования которых определяется генотипом по гену, кодирующему DBP. На роль DBP в устойчивости организма к ряду заболеваний указывает тот факт, что у индивидуумов, гомозиготных по аллелю, кодирующему дефектный DBP, не образуется ни одной молекулы GcMAF, вследствие чего эти индивидуумы имеют высокий риск развития различных тяжелых заболеваний (боковой амиотрофический склероз, колоректальный рак и др.). В обзоре представлены данные об основных механизмах противоопухолевого эффекта GcMAF, опухолевой стратегии нейтрализации активности GcMAF, результаты клинических испытаний GcMAF при различных нозологических формах рака, а также обсуждены имеющиеся противоречия относительно позиционирования GcMAF в качестве эффективного противоопухолевого препарата.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Vitamin D3 Binding Protein (DBP) is a multifunctional glycoprotein whose main role is to transport vitamin D3 and its metabolites, but it also is the precursor of the macrophage activating factor (GcMAF). DBP is converted to GcMAF as a result of site-specific selective deglycosylation under the action of β-galactosidase and sialidase, localized on activated B and T cells, respectively. GcMAF exerts its biological activity primarily as the capability of activating macrophages by enhancing their phagocytic function and producing ROS. Activation results in elevated expression of the specific macrophageal surface receptors involved in the recognition of tumor-associated antigens, as well as in the implementation of direct anticancer activity by inducing the apoptosis or necrosis of tumor cells. Increased interest in GcMAF is associated with its potential to be used in the clinic as a new antitumor drug. Besides its anti-tumor activity, GcMAF exerts a potential against a number of viral and neurodegenerative diseases associated with increased activity of N-acetylgalactosaminidase (nagalase) in the blood serum of patients. Nagalase is an enzyme that completely (rather than selectively) deglycosylates DBP so it cannot be converted to GcMAF, leading to immunodeficiency. Circulating DBP is composed of unmodified and O-glycosylated molecules with the glycosylation degree being dependent on the allelic variants of the gene encoding DBP. The role of DBP in the resistance of organism against a number of diseases is supported by the increased risk of a variety of severe illnesses (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, colorectal cancer etc.) in patients deficient for GcMAF due to homozygosity for defective DBP alleles. In this review, we also will examine in detail the current data i) on the structure and functions of DBP, as the main precursor of GcMAF, ii) on the main mechanisms of GcMAF anticancer effect, iii) on the tumor strategy for neutralizing GcMAF activity, iv) on the results of GcMAF clinical trials in various cancers; and will discuss the available controversies regarding the positioning of GcMAF as an effective antitumor drug. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>витамин Д3-связывающий белок (DBP)</kwd><kwd>макрофаг-активирующий фактор (GcMAF)</kwd><kwd>N-ацетилгалактозамин (GalNAc)</kwd><kwd>α-N-ацетилгалактозаминидаза (нагалаза)</kwd><kwd>противоопухолевая терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vitamin D3-binding protein (DBP)</kwd><kwd>Gc protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF)</kwd><kwd>N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)</kwd><kwd>α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (nagalase)</kwd><kwd>anticancer therapy.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was supported by State Budgeted Project 0324-2019-0042. 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