vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ19.539vavilov-2256Research ArticleСелекция на продуктивность и качествоBreeding for performance and qualityСравнительный анализ диких и культурных видов чины (Lathyrus L.) по содержанию веществ первичного и вторичного метаболизмаСomparative analysis of wild and cultivated Lathyrus L. spp. according to their primary and secondary metabolite contentshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6201-4294СоловьеваА. Е.SolovyevaA. E.

Санкт-Петербург.

St. Petersburg.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3992-5353ШеленгаТ. В.ShelengaT. V.

Санкт-Петербург.

St. Petersburg.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1778-2814ШавардаА. Л.ShavardaА. L.

Санкт-Петербург.

St. Petersburg.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3708-2594БурляеваМ. О.BurlyaevaM. O.

Санкт-Петербург.

St. Petersburg.

m.burlyaeva@vir.nw.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР); Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет; Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова Российской академии наукРоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR); St. Petersburg State University; V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation201909102019236667674Copyright © Соловьева А.Е., Шеленга Т.В., Шаварда А.Л., Бурляева М.О., 20192019Соловьева А.Е., Шеленга Т.В., Шаварда А.Л., Бурляева М.О.Solovyeva A.E., Shelenga T.V., Shavarda А.L., Burlyaeva M.O.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2256

Виды рода Lathyrus L. известны как кормовые и лекарственные растения, используемые в народной медицине и гомеопатии.  Содержание белка, незаменимых аминокислот  и каротина  в зеленой массе чины выше, чем у других однолетних  зернобобовых растений,  традиционно культивируемых  в России. До настоящего  времени требования к качеству культуры сводились  к высокому содержанию белка и сухого вещества в семенах и вегетативной массе. Углубленный биохимический анализ образцов из коллекции генетических ресурсов растений существенно  улучшит отбор исходного  материала для селекции.  Изучение растительных  ресурсов с использованием метода газовой хроматографии с масс-спектрометрией позволяет решить подобные  задачи. В связи с вышесказанным нашей целью было исследование органических кислот, свободных аминокислот  и соединений вторичного метаболизма в зеленой массе чины для всесторонней оценки  ее кормовой и фармакологической ценности. Анализировали 32 образца Lathyrus sativus L., L. tuberosus L., L. sylvestris L., L. vernus (L.) Bernh., L. latifolius L., L. linifolius (Reichard) Bassler из коллекции  Всероссийского института генетических  ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова. Изученные образцы  Lathyrus обладали  значительной межвидовой и внутривидовой изменчивостью как по составу (наличию), так и по количеству идентифицированных веществ. Анализ растений в разные  годы подтвердил зависимость биохимических  показателей от погодных условий. Более холодные  и сухие условия 2012 г. способствовали накоплению  органических кислот (среднее – 890 мг/100 г), свободных аминокислот (среднее – 201.59 мг/100 г) и соединений вторичного метаболизма (среднее – 84.14 мг/100 г). Диапазон изменчивости органических кислот составил от 140 до 2140, свободных  аминокислот  – от 11.8 до 610, соединений вторичного метаболизма – от 4.4 до 224.6 мг/100 г. Выделены образцы  чины посевной:  с повышенным содержанием органических кислот, свободных аминокислот и соединений вторичного метаболизма – к-900 (Колумбия) (2140, 610 и 178 мг/100 г), свободных аминокислот – к-51 (Грузия) и к-959 (Афганистан) (401.29 и 540.63 мг/100 г), соединений вторичного метаболизма – к-893 (Эритрея) (199.39 мг/100 г) и другие, которые могут служить исходным материалом для создания  сортов разного  направления использования: кормового и лекарственного.

Species of the genus  Lathyrus L. are known as forage and medicinal plants, widely used in traditional medicine  and homeopathy. The content of protein,  essential  amino  acids and  carotene in their green  biomass  is higher  than  in other  annual  leguminous plants  traditionally  cultivated  in Russia. Until now, the requirements for the crop’s quality were reduced to a high content of protein  and dry matter in seeds  and herbage. In-depth biochemical  analysis of accessions  from the collection of plant genetic resources  will significantly improve  selection  of source materials  for breeding. Such tasks can be solved  using  gas chromatography with mass spectrometry in plant  diversity studies. In view of the above,  our goal was to analyze organic  acids, free amino  acids and secondary metabolites in green biomass  of Lathyrus to facilitate comprehensive assessment of its forage  and  pharmacological value. We analyzed 32 accessions  of Lathyrus sativus L., L. tuberosus L., L. sylvestris L., L. vernus (L.) Bernh., L. latifolius L. and  L. linifolius (Reichard) Bassler from the collection of the Vavilov Institute (VIR). The studied Lathyrus accessions had significant interspecific and intraspecific variability both in the composition (presence)  and number of the identified compounds. The analysis of plants across different years confirmed that biochemical parameters depended on weather conditions. The colder and drier conditions of 2012 contributed to the accumulation of organic acids (mean: 890 mg/100 g), free amino acids (mean: 201.59 mg/100 g), and secondary metabolites (mean: 84.14 mg/100 g). The range of variability for organic acids ranged from 140 to 2140, for free amino acids from 11.8 to 610, and for secondary metabolites from 4.4 to 224.6 mg/100  g. Grass pea accessions  with high organic acid, free amino acid and secondary metabolite contents were identified: k-900 (Colombia) for organic acids (2140, 610 and 178 mg/100  g); k-51 (Georgia) and k-959 (Afghanistan) for free amino acids (401.29 and 540.63 mg/100 g); k-893 (Eritrea) for secondary metabolites (199.39 mg/100 g), etc. They can serve as source material for the development of cultivars for different uses (forage and medicinal).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.