vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ19.541vavilov-2258Research ArticleСелекция на продуктивность и качествоBreeding for performance and qualityИзучение сортов овса (Avena sativa L.) различного географического происхождения по качеству зерна и продуктивностиThe study of oat varieties (Avena sativa L.) of various geographical origin for grain quality and productivityhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7183-0912ПолонскийВ. И.PolonskiyV. I.

Красноярск.

Krasnoyarsk.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3866-6679СуринН. А.SurinN. A.

Красноярск.

Krasnoyarsk.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1273-3212ГерасимовС. А.GerasimovS. A.

Красноярск.

Krasnoyarsk.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0536-3452ЛипшинА. Г.LipshinA. G.

Красноярск.

Krasnoyarsk.

alipshin@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0466-6833СуминаА. В.SuminaA. V.

Абакан.

Abakan.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5523-1111ЗютеС.ZuteS.

Дижстенде.

Dizstende.

Красноярский государственный аграрный университет; Сибирский федеральный университетРоссияKrasnoyarsk State Agrarian University; Siberian Federal UniversityRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр «Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», обособленное подразделение Красноярский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйстваРоссияKrasnoyarsk Research Institute of Agriculture – Division of Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the RAS”Russian FederationХакасский государственный университет им. Н.Ф. КатановаРоссияKatanov Khakass State UniversityRussian FederationИнститут aгроресурсов и экономики, Стендский научный центрЛатвияStende Research Centre, Institute of Agricultural Resources and EconomicsLatvia201910102019236683690Copyright © Полонский В.И., Сурин Н.А., Герасимов С.А., Липшин А.Г., Сумина А.В., Зюте С., 20192019Полонский В.И., Сурин Н.А., Герасимов С.А., Липшин А.Г., Сумина А.В., Зюте С.Polonskiy V.I., Surin N.A., Gerasimov S.A., Lipshin A.G., Sumina A.V., Zute S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2258

С целью выявления образцов с минимальным  и максимальным  содержанием β-глюканов в зерне  проведен скрининг сортов овса, выращенного в условиях Восточной Сибири в течение трех лет. Для определения перспективности  дальнейшего использования образцов овса параллельно измеряли другие химические, физические и продукционные характеристики:  содержание белка и масла в зерне, пленчатость зерна, натуру, массу 1000 зерен, продолжительность вегетационного периода и величину урожайности. Объектом комплексной оценки  служили 14 пленчатых и 5 голозерных образцов овса коллекции  Всероссийского института генетических ресурсов растений  им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР) различного географического происхождения. Пленчатые образцы  формировали зерно  с содержанием β-глюканов от 2.9 до 5.2 %, голозерные – от 3.7 до 4.8 %. По минимальным значениям этого показателя выделились сорта красноярской селекции  – Тубинский, Казыр, Саян (около 3 %), по максимальному – зарубежный  образец Местный Тунис 1 (5.2 %). Наибольшее  содержание масла в зерне имеют возделываемые в настоящее время в Красноярском крае сорта Тубинский, Казыр и Саян. Повышенное накопление белка в зерне обнаружено у пленчатого сорта Местный Тунис 1 и голозерного образца Вятский. По содержанию β-глюканов в зерне с учетом других его характеристик и величины урожайности лучшие образцы  для крупяного направления (максимальный уровень этих веществ) – Местный Тунис 1, Медведь и Тайдон, а для кормового использования (минимальный  уровень)  – Тубинский, Вятский и Голец. Не обнаружено заметного преимущества голозерных образцов по сравнению с пленчатыми по содержанию β-глюканов в зерне. У пленчатых образцов отмечена высокая сила положительной связи между содержанием масла либо β-глюканов в зерне  и годом выращивания овса. У голозерных форм четкой связи между содержанием рассматриваемых химических веществ в зерне разных образцов овса и годом их выращивания не установлено. 

In order  to identify samples  with a minimum  and  maximum  content of β-glucans  in the  grain, screening of oats grown in Eastern Siberia for three  years was performed. To determine the prospects for further use of oat samples, other chemical, physical and production characteristics were measured in parallel: the protein  and oil content in the grain, its film content, test weight, 1000 grains weight, the vegetation period and the yield. The object of a comprehensive evaluation was 14 hulled and naked 5 VIR (N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources) oats samples of different origin, mainly from Siberia. The hulled samples formed grains with β-glucan content from 2.9 to 5.2 %, while the naked ones, from 3.7 to 4.8 %. The lowest values were in the Krasnoyarsk varieties Tubinskiy, Kazyr, Sayan (about 3 %); the highest, in the foreign accession Local Tunisia 1 (5.2 %). The highest oil content was shown by Tubinsky, Kazyr and Sayan, all currently cultivated in the Krasnoyarsk region. An increased accumulation of protein in grain was observed in the hulled variety Local Tunisia 1 and the naked accession of Vyatskiy. According to the content of β-glucans  in the grain, taking into account its other characteristics and yield values, the best samples for the food direction (the maximum level of these substances) are Local Tunisia 1, Medved and Taidon, and for feed use (the minimum level) are Tubinskiy, Vyatskiy and Golets. There was no noticeable advantage of naked samples  in comparison with hulled ones in the content of β-glucans  in the grain. A high strength of the positive relationship between the content of oil or β-glucans  in the grain and the year of oat cultivation was observed in the hulled samples. In naked forms, a clear link between the concentrations of chemicals in the different  grain samples  of oats and the year of cultivation has not been established.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.