vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ19.543vavilov-2260Research ArticleБиология развития растенийDevelopmental biology of plantsМутанты развития соцветий у люцерны (Medicago sativa L.)Мutants of inflorescence development in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0250-5814ДзюбенкоН. И.DzyubenkoN. I.

Санкт-Петербург.

St. Petersburg.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4576-1527ДзюбенкоЕ. А.DzyubenkoE. A.

Санкт-Петербург.

St. Petersburg.

elena.dzyubenko@gmail.comФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian Federation201910102019236700707Copyright © Дзюбенко Н.И., Дзюбенко Е.А., 20192019Дзюбенко Н.И., Дзюбенко Е.А.Dzyubenko N.I., Dzyubenko E.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2260

Люцерна (Medicago sativa L., Medicago varia Mart., Medicago falcata (L.)) – многолетнее бобовое растение, известное как «королева  кормов» и культивируемое на всем земном шаре. Общая биология и морфология растения описаны в деталях, типичное соцветие люцерны – открытая брактеозная кисть. В процессе многоступенчатого самоопыления в инбредных поколениях люцерны определены мутантные по строению соцветий формы. Среди них удлиненные, метелковидные (фертильные и стерильные), ветвистые сложного строения, а также соцветия с фасциированными цветоносами. Признак фасциации  соцветия  выявлен  у люцерны среди  удлиненных соцветий  и далее  был введен  в каждый мутантный тип соцветия  путем скрещиваний вручную. Посредством парных скрещиваний созданы переходные гибридные мутантные формы, сочетающие два или три мутантных признака.  Новые двойные  и тройные  мутанты получили названия:  lpfas, pi1lpfas, brilpfas. Medicago truncatula – классический модельный объект  проведения геномных исследований у бобовых. M. truncatula и люцерна посевная проявляют консервативную нуклеотидную последовательность и обладают высокой степенью синтении геномов. Знание о регуляции развития соцветий у модельного растения M. truncatula полезно для понимания генетической природы мутаций у люцерны, в связи с чем был проведен анализ информации о генетике развития M. truncatula. К настоящему времени известно, что архитектура соцветия у M. truncatula находится под контролем пространственно-временной экспрессии генов MtTFL1, MtFULc, MtAP1 и SGL1 посредством обратного подавления. Некоторые мутанты, выделенные у M. truncatula, имеют фенотип, схожий с фенотипом мутантов люцерны. Мутант mtpim M. truncatula обладает  сложными соцветиями,  напоминающими  метелковидные соцветия  у мутанта люцерны посевной.  Мутант, полученный  путем мутагенеза  через  инсерцию  ретротранспозонами, под названием sgl1-1, имел фенотип типа «цветной капусты», присущий мутанту с аналогичным названием у люцерны посевной. Новые данные о регуляции развития соцветий у модельных видов бобовых приближают нас к пониманию феномена мутаций соцветий у люцерны. Информация о мутантах соцветий у немодельных культур вносит свой вклад в науку о развитии растений и полезна для улучшения культур.

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., Medicago varia Mart., Medicago falcata L.) is a perennial leguminous plant  well-known as the queen of forages  cultivated  all over the world. The general  biology and morphology of the plant  has been described in detail. The typical inflorescence of the plant is raceme. Due to the multistep inbreeding process  in this cross-pollinated species, different mutant forms have been  found  in inbred  progenies. They include long racemes, panicle-like racemes  (with fertile and sterile flowers), complicated branched racemes,  and fasciated  inflorescences. The fasciation trait was discovered first in long racemes  and then it was introduced into every mutant inflorescence type by hand  pollination. By means  of pair hybridization,  transitional  forms of some mutants were isolated and the new mutant forms combined two or three  mutant genes.  New gene  names  are proposed for new duplex  and triplex mutant types: lpfas, pi1lpfas, brilpfas. Medicago truncatula is a conventional model species for legume  genome research. M. truncatula and alfalfa share highly conserved nucleotide sequences and exhibit nearly perfect  synteny between the two genomes. The knowledge about inflorescence development in model M. truncatula plants adds to understanding the genetic nature of mutant inflorescence development in alfalfa; therefore, we compiled the information on the genetic regulation of inflorescence development in M. truncatula. The M. truncatula mutant mtpim has a complicated inflorescence structure resembling panicle-like inflorescence in alfalfa. Presently, it is known that the inflorescence architecture in M. truncatula is controlled by spatiotemporal expression  of MtTFL1, MtFULc, MtAP1, and SGL1 through reciprocal repression.  Some mutants isolated in M. truncatula resemble alfalfa mutants in phenotype. The mutant generated by retrotransposon insertion mutagenesis and named sgl1-1 has a cauliflower-like phenotype looking just like the cauliflower mutant in alfalfa. New data concerning genes regulating inflorescence development in model legumes approach us to understanding the phenomenon of inflorescence mutations in alfalfa. The information of inflorescence mutants in nonmodel crops may augment our knowledge of plant development and help crop improvement.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.