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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ19.547</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2264</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Биология развития растений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Developmental biology of plants</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Амплитуда изменчивости фотопериодической реакции генотипов гуара (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) разного географического происхождения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Variability of the photoperiod response in guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) genotypes of different geographic origin</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5624-4245</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Теплякова</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Teplyakova</surname><given-names>S. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serafima.teplyakova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2933-4456</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4576-1527</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дзюбенко</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzyubenko</surname><given-names>E. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2578-6279</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потокина</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Potokina</surname><given-names>E. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР); Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR); St. Petersburg State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>730</fpage><lpage>737</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Теплякова С.Б., Волков В.А., Дзюбенко Е.В., Потокина Е.К., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Теплякова С.Б., Волков В.А., Дзюбенко Е.В., Потокина Е.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Teplyakova S.B., Volkov V.A., Dzyubenko E.А., Potokina E.К.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2264">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2264</self-uri><abstract><p>Интродукция новой бобовой культуры гуар на территорию Российской  Федерации имеет большое  практическое  значение,  так как обеспечивает импортозамещение гуаровой  камеди  – растительного сырья,  используемого для  целей  пищевой,  газо-  и нефтедобывающей  промышленности. Основная  проблема при возделывании гуара в южных регионах  РФ – потребность культуры в коротком  фотопериоде. Увеличенная продолжительность светового дня препятствует своевременному переходу гуара к цветению, что резко сказывается  на его продуктивности.  В проведенном исследовании 192 генотипа  гуара из коллекции  ВИР испытывались  на скорость  перехода к цветению на экстремально длинном для культуры гуара фотопериоде (18.2–18.9 ч) в условиях теплицы Пушкинского филиала  ВИР (Санкт-Петербург). Параллельно оценивалась скороспелость этих же генотипов  в условиях поля Кубанского филиала  ВИР (Краснодарский край). Среди испытуемой выборки  были выявлены как генотипы со слабой фотопериодической  чувствительностью (они же и более скороспелые в условиях Краснодарского края), так и сильно чувствительные к фотопериоду. Установлено, что у одного и того же растения  гуара пороговый фотопериод, инициирующий  образование бутонов, может не совпадать  с критическим  фотопериодом, необходимым для их распускания (собственно  цветения). Наблюдаемый факт подтверждает выдвинутую ранее гипотезу о двуступенчатом запуске программы цветения у гуара, согласно которой бутонизация и собственно цветение контролируются независимыми генными системами. По результатам экспериментов, в успешной селекции  гуара на скороспелость решающую роль  играет именно  первая  генная система, контролирующая запуск бутонизации  в ответ на критический фотопериод. На отсрочку даты начала цветения у гуара может влиять еще одна гипотетическая генная система, которая  определяет скорость  вегетативного развития  конкретного генотипа, измеряемую как количество дней от всходов до появления первого  настоящего листа, и не зависит от фотопериода. Таким образом, фотопериодическая чувствительность у гуара является  лишь одним из факторов,  определяющих скорость перехода растения  к цветению, и ее не следует оценивать по признаку «всходы–цветение», распространенному в растениеводческой практике. Результаты проведенного исследования показывают, что, хотя фотопериодическая чувствительность гуара ограничивает диапазон географических широт, в котором эта культура может успешно выращиваться, есть реальная возможность преодолеть указанное  ограничение, отбирая  и размножая соответствующие генотипы из имеющегося огромного генетического разнообразия культуры.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The introduction of the new legume crop guar is of great practical importance for Russia, since it serves as a source of valuable vegetable raw material, guar gum, used for the food, gas and oil industry. The main problem with guar cultivation in the southern regions of the Russian Federation is that this plant should be grown under a short photoperiod. Prolonged daylight exposure is an obstacle to the timely transition of guar to flowering, which dramatically affects its productivity. In the study, 192 guar genotypes from the VIR collection were tested for the speed of transition to flowering on an extremely long photoperiod (18.2–18.9 h) in the greenhouse of the Pushkin experimental station of VIR (St. Petersburg). At the same time, the earliness of maturation of the same genotypes was estimated under  the field conditions in the Kuban experimental station  of VIR (Krasnodar area). Among the samples  tested, genotypes with weak photoperiodic sensitivity (which were also early maturated under  the conditions of Krasnodar), as well as the  highly photoperiod-sensitive genotypes were identified.  It has been  established that  for the same guar plant the critical photoperiod initiating the formation  of buds may not coincide with the critical photoperiod required for their flushing (i. e. flowering per se). The observed fact confirms the hypothesis reported earlier about a two-stage launch of the flowering program in guar, according to which budding and flowering itself are controlled by independent gene  systems. According to our results, the successful breeding of early mature guar varieties ultimately depends on the first gene system that controls the initiation of budding in response to a critical photoperiod. We suggest that another hypothetical gene  system can influence the dates  of guar flowering, which determines the speed  of vegetative development of a specific genotype, measured as the number of days from germination to the appearance of the first true leaf. Thus, sensitivity to photoperiod in guar is only one of several factors that determine the speed  of a plant’s transition  to flowering, and it should not be assessed on the basis of the length  of the period from germination to flowering, which is common in breeding practice. The results of the study show that, although the photoperiod sensitivity of guar limits the range of geographic latitudes in which the legume  crop can be successfully grown, there  is a real opportunity to overcome this limitation  by selecting  and propagating photoperiod-insensitive genotypes from the enormous genetic diversity of this species.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Cyamopsis tetragonoloba  (L.) Taub.</kwd><kwd>гуар</kwd><kwd>фотопериодическая чувствительность</kwd><kwd>сроки бутонизации</kwd><kwd>сроки цветения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.</kwd><kwd>guar</kwd><kwd>photoperiod</kwd><kwd>bud formation</kwd><kwd>initiation of flowering</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was financially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, project RFMEFI60417X0168, Agreement No. 14.604.21.0168.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bernard R.L. Two major genes for time of flowering and maturity in soybeans. Crop Sci. 1971;11(2):242-244. DOI 10.2135/cropsci1971.0011183X001100020022x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernard R.L. Two major genes for time of flowering and maturity in soybeans. 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