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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ19.548</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2265</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Актуальные технологии генетики растений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Mainstream technologies in plant genetics</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетическое разнообразие и селекционная ценность синтетической гексаплоидной пшеницы, привлеченной в коллекцию ВИР</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic diversity and breeding value of synthetic hexaploid wheat introduced into the VIR collection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хакимова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khakimova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Губарева</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gubareva</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кошкин</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koshkin</surname><given-names>V. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митрофанова</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitrofanova</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.mitrofanova@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>738</fpage><lpage>745</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хакимова А.Г., Губарева Н.К., Кошкин В.А., Митрофанова О.П., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хакимова А.Г., Губарева Н.К., Кошкин В.А., Митрофанова О.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khakimova A.G., Gubareva N.K., Koshkin V.А., Mitrofanova O.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2265">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2265</self-uri><abstract><p>Для успешного развития  селекции  пшеницы в России необходим  генетически  разнообразный и хорошо  охарактеризованный исходный материал, в основном сохраняемый в коллекции Всероссийского института генетических ресурсов растений  им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР). С целью пополнения коллекции  было изучено 36 образцов синтетической гексаплоидной пшеницы (СГП), созданных в CIMMYT путем скрещивания Triticum durum с Aegilops tauschii. Наше исследование было направлено на изучение  линий (образцов) СГП по комплексу морфологических и хозяйственно ценных признаков в условиях Северо-Западного региона  России (30° в. д., 59° с. ш.); оценку реакции  СГП на фотопериод; определение генетической гетерогенности образцов СГП и сходства между ними с использованием глиадинов как биохимических  маркеров. Результаты показали, что изменчивость различных признаков СГП укладывается  в рамки  рода  Triticum, СГП можно классифицировать как слабо  окультуренные формы. Их отличительная черта, ценная  для селекции  пшеницы, – высокая  масса 1000 зерен  (до 60.6 г). Этот признак  характеризовался низкой степенью изменчивости и слабой корреляцией с другими признаками.  Реакция растений  пшеницы на продолжительность светового  дня имеет решающее  значение для их перехода от вегетативного развития к репродуктивному. Исследованные СГП отличались от мягкой пшеницы и друг от друга реакцией на короткий день и продолжительностью фазы всходы–колошение на длинном дне. Задержка развития растений в условиях короткого  фотопериода составляла  от 5.4 до 53.8 дня, на длинном дне продолжительность фазы всходы–колошение варьировала от 39.5 до 53.9 дня. Обсуждается возможная генетическая основа выявленных различий. Для оценки разнообразия СГП нами использованы также глиадины как информативные биохимические маркеры.  Показано, что 21 образец был мономорфным, остальные  – гетерогенными. У изученных СГП определено 44 различных биотипа, из которых 36 были уникальными. Взаимосвязи между биотипами продемонстрированы в кластерном анализе. Следует отметить, что 13 СГП были нестабильными.  У каждого такого образца некоторые растения отличались от других комплексом морфологических признаков, реакцией на фотопериод и спектрами глиадина. Возможно, нестабильность образцов – результат перестройки генома у СГП. Образцы СГП и выщепившиеся из них формы рассмотрены в качестве источников  новой генетической изменчивости для улучшения мягкой пшеницы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>For the  successful  development of wheat  breeding in Russia, a genetically  diverse  and  well-characterized starting material, mainly stored  at the VIR collection, is needed. To replenish  the collection, 36 lines (accessions) of synthetic hexaploid  wheat  (SHWs) developed at CIMMYT by crossing Triticum durum with Aegilops tauschii were studied.  Our research  was aimed at studying  the SHWs using a complex of morphological and economically  valuable traits in the environments of European Russia’s northwestern part (E30°, N59°), evaluating the reaction  of the SHWs to a photoperiod  and determining their genetic heterogeneity and similarities by gliadins as biochemical  markers. The results showed that the variability of different traits for SHWs fits into the framework of the genus  Triticum, and so SHWs can be classified as poorly domesticated forms. Their distinctive feature, valuable for wheat  breeding, is a large weight  of a thousand grains (up to 60.6 g). This trait was characterized by a low degree of variability and a low correlation  with other  traits. The reaction  of wheat  plants to the length  of the day is crucial for their transition  from vegetative to reproductive development. The SHWs studied differed from common wheat and one another by responses to the short day and by the length  of the ‘emergence-heading’ phase  if they grew under  the conditions of a long day. The delay in the development of plants with a short photoperiod ranged from 5.4 to 53.8 days. On a long day, the duration of the ‘emergence-heading’ phase  varied from 39.5 to 53.9 days. A possible genetic basis for the differences  identified is discussed.  To assess the diversity of SHWs, we also used  gliadin proteins as informative  biochemical  markers. It was revealed  that 21 SHWs were homogeneous, and the rest, heterogeneous. Forty-four different biotypes were found for the SHWs studied,  from which 36 were unique.  Relationships between biotypes have been  demonstrated using cluster analysis. It should be noted that 13 SHWs were unstable. In each of them, some plants differed from the others  in terms of a complex of morphological characters, reaction to a photoperiod, and gliadin patterns. It is possible that the instability of accessions  is the result of genome rearrangement in SHWs. SHW accessions  and the forms isolated from them are considered as sources of new genetic variability to improve common wheat.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пшенично-эгилопсные амфидиплоиды</kwd><kwd>полевое изучение</kwd><kwd>реакция на фотопериод</kwd><kwd>электрофоретический анализ глиадина</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd><kwd>расширение генофонда пшеницы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wheat-aegilops amphidiploids</kwd><kwd>field study</kwd><kwd>reaction  to photoperiod</kwd><kwd>electrophoretic analysis of gliadin</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd><kwd>enhancement of the wheat germplasm</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was supported by State Budgeted Project 0662-2019-0006 for VIR  “Search, maintenance, and disclosure of the potential of hereditary variability of the world collection of cereal crops for gene bank development and optimization and for its rational use in breeding and crop industry”, state registration no. 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