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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ19.552</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2269</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Биоресурсные коллекции</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Bioresource collections</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>База данных генетических ресурсов коллекции озимой ржи ВИР  как средство классификации генетического разнообразия, анализа истории коллекции и эффективного изучения и сохранения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The database of genetic resources in the VIR winter rye collection as a means of classification of genetic diversity, analysis of the collection history and effective study and preservation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8138-930X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафонова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safonova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.safonova@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7819-8286</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аниськов</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anis’kov</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-8105</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобылянский</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobylyansky</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>780</fpage><lpage>786</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сафонова И.В., Аниськов Н.И., Кобылянский В.Д., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сафонова И.В., Аниськов Н.И., Кобылянский В.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Safonova I.V., Anis’kov N.I., Kobylyansky V.D.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2269">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2269</self-uri><abstract><p>Озимая рожь – вторая  хлебная и наиболее ценная кормовая культура, которую возделывают прежде  всего в России, Германии, Польше, Беларуси, Украине, Скандинавии, Китае, Канаде и США. Посевные площади, отведенные под выращивание ржи в мире, сокращаются (1986 г. – 15.4 млн га, 2016 г. – 4.4 млн га). Во всех зонах возделывания рожь заслужила репутацию наиболее приспособленной к климатическим  условиям страховой культуры низкого экономического риска. Для расширения посевов  и увеличения валовых сборов  зерна необходимо создание новых сортов ржи. В настоящее время в 94 генбанках мира хранится 22200 образцов озимой и яровой ржи. Крупнейший генный банк (3260 образцов) находится в России, это Всероссийский институт генетических  ресурсов растений  им. Н.И. Вавилова. Коллекция мировых генетических  ресурсов ржи, сосредоточенная в хранилищах и размножаемая на полях, содержит сорта, доноры, популяции и линии культурной, сорно-полевой, дикорастущей,  озимой  и яровой ржи. Идет постоянное обновление и пополнение коллекции  новыми  образцами, усовершенствуется система  надежного  хранения  и поддержания высокой жизнеспособности семян, проводится их изучение и выявление среди них источников ценных для селекции признаков, создание доноров. В настоящей  работе  проанализирована и кратко охарактеризована коллекция ржи ВИР. Рассмотрена история развития предселекционного изучения, этапы создания и использования доноров для различных проблем  селекции, создана паспортная база данных по озимой и яровой ржи. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Winter rye is the second  bread  and the most valuable forage crop. Rye is cultivated  primarily in Russia, Germany, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Scandinavia, China, Canada and the United States. The acreage allocated  for the cultivation of rye in the world is declining (from 15.4 million ha in 1986 to 4.4 million ha in 2016). In all areas of cultivation rye has earned a reputation as the most  adapted to the climatic conditions of the insurance  culture  of low economic risk. For the expansion of crops of rye and an increase in the gross yield of grain, it is necessary to create new varieties of rye. Currently, 94 gene  banks in the world store 22,200 samples  of winter and spring rye. Gene banks are located  around the world; the largest of them – the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (3260 samples) – is located in Russia. The collection of the world’s genetic resources  of rye, concentrated in storage and propagated in the fields, contains  varieties, donors, populations and lines of cultural, weed-field, wild, winter and spring rye. The collection is being constantly updated and replenished with new samples, the system of reliable storage and maintenance of the high viability of seeds is being improved, the sources of traits with value for breeding are being identified and studied, and donors are being created. Scientific, breeding and educational institutions are being  supplied with source material. An electronic  passport documentation system of the collection is being developed and integrated into the international system  of genetic banks. In this paper,  a brief analysis and characterization of the VIR rye collection is given. The history of the pre-selection study and the stages of the creation and use of donors for various problems of selection are reviewed, a passport database on winter and spring rye has been created.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>озимая рожь</kwd><kwd>генетические ресурсы</kwd><kwd>коллекция ВИР</kwd><kwd>образец</kwd><kwd>сорт</kwd><kwd>донор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>winter rye</kwd><kwd>genetic resources</kwd><kwd>collection of VIR</kwd><kwd>sample</kwd><kwd>variety</kwd><kwd>donor</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was supported by State Budgeted Project No. 0662-2019-0006 for VIR “Search, maintenance, and disclosure of the potential of hereditary variability of the world collection of cereal crops for gene bank development and optimization and for its rational use in breeding and crop industry”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антропов В.И., Антропова В.Ф., Мордвинкина А.И., Орлов А.А. 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