References

vavilov

Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding

2500-3259

Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS

10.18699/VJ19.553

vavilov-2270

Research Article

Биоресурсные коллекции

Bioresource collections

Российская коллекция Brassicaceae: от Н.И. Вавилова и Е.Н. Синской до наших дней

The Russian Brassicaceae collection – from N.I. Vavilov and E.N. Sinskaya till nowadays

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6551-5203

Артемьева

А. М.

Artemyeva

A. M.

Санкт-Петербург.

St. Petersburg.

akme11@yandex.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2487-5912

Дубовская

А. Г.

Dubovskaya

A. G.

Санкт-Петербург.

St. Petersburg.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4920-3904

Конькова

Н. Г.

Kon’kova

N. G.

Санкт-Петербург.

St. Petersburg.

Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian Federation

2019

10102019

236787794

2019

Артемьева А.М., Дубовская А.Г., Конькова Н.Г.

Artemyeva A.M., Dubovskaya A.G., Kon’kova N.G.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2270

Представлена история создания российской государственной коллекции семейства Капустные (Brassicaceae), сохраняемой в ФИЦ Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР). В настоящее время это одна из самых обширных в мире коллекций, включающая более 10 750 образцов различного статуса, принадлежащих 11 родам и 32 видам овощных, кормовых, масличных, пряно-вкусовых и декоративных культур. Коллекция пополняется за счет регулярных экспедиционных сборов и обмена материалом. Первые внутривидовые ботанические и агробиологические эколого-географические классификации многих культур – капусты, репы, редьки, редиса, брюквы – были сделаны Е.Н. Синской и Т.В. Лизгуновой в процессе многолетнего изучения. Затем эти уникальные работы продолжили М.А. Шебалина и Л.В. Сазонова. Исследования проводятся в ВИР и сегодня: выделены сортотипы пекинской и китайской капусты, в стадии доработки находится агробиологическая классификация белокочанной капусты, брокколи, редиса и репы. В статье приведены результаты изучения закономерностей изменчивости ценных биохимических признаков. Так, сравнительный анализ накопления питательных и биологически активных соединений, прежде всего вторичных метаболитов, позволил установить для родственных видов капуста и репа общие компоненты биохимического состава, встречающиеся с различной частотой и уникальные у видов, подвидов и отдельных сортотипов, что является подходом к хемосистематике. Благодаря фитопатологическим исследованиям определены общие заболевания капустных культур на Северо-Западе России, показана степень распространения и развития болезней в зависимости от культуры. Генетические исследования коллекций Brassicaceae в ВИР включают ДНК-анализ для поиска дублетов, сравнения оригинальных семян с репродукциями и установления аутентичности сохраняемых в генном банке образцов, оценки биоразнообразия, в том числе биоразнообразия нового экспедиционного материала, проведения филогенетических исследований. С помощью QTL-анализа и ассоциативного картирования капустных культур были установлены хромосомные локусы, контролирующие время перехода к цветению, морфологические и биохимические признаки, при этом найденные молекулярные маркеры используют для скрининга коллекционного и селекционного материала. Выделены источники и доноры ценных признаков по новым направлениям селекции для различных селекционных программ.

This article presents the history of the formation of the Russian state Brassicaceae collection maintained at the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). Nowadays this one of the world’s richest collections encompasses more than 10,750 accessions of different status from 32 species and 11 genera: vegetable, fodder, oilseed, spicy, ornamental crops and continues to grow through collecting missions and exchange of material. The first intraspecific botanical and agrobiological ecologo-geographical divisions of many crops – cole, turnip, radish, small radish, Swede – were performed by E.N. Sinskaya and T.V. Lizgunova over years of research. These unique works have been continued by M.A. Shebalina and L.V. Sazonova: the cultivar types of Chinese cabbage and pakchoi have been determined; the development of the classifications of white cabbage, broccoli, small radish, turnip is being continued. The objective laws of variability of valuable biochemical traits are presented; a comparative analysis of nutritive and biologically active substances, primarily secondary metabolites, allowed us to determine specific biochemical compounds: those common for the related species Brassica oleracea and B. rapa but occurring in them at different frequencies and those unique for species, subspecies and separate cultivar types; this is the beginning of taxonomic studies. With phytopathological studies, the common diseases of Brassicas in the northwestern part of Russia were determined, and the level of their distribution and development depending on the crop was shown. Genetic studies of the Brassicaceae collections at VIR include DNA analysis to search for duplicates in the collections, to compare original seeds and the seeds after reproduction and to assess the authenticity of saved accessions, to assess biodiversity, including that of new material from collecting missions, to develop phylogenetic studies. Chromosome loci controlling flowering time, morphological and biochemical traits were determined by QTL analysis and association mapping, the molecular markers found are used for screening the collection and breeding material. The sources and donors of traits valuable for modern breeding directions have been found for use in various breeding programs.

коллекция Brassicaceaeсозданиекомплексное изучениебиохимические и иммунологические исследованияQTL-анализассоциативное картирование

Brassicaceae collectionformationcomplex evaluationbiochemical and immunological studiesQTL analysisassociation mapping

The work was performed under VIR state assignment “Collection of oil and fiber crops VIR: maintenance, learning, expanding of genetic diversity” (No. 0662-2019-0001), “Genetic resources of vegetable and cucurbit crops from VIR worldwide collection: effective ways of enlarge of biodiversity, discovery of lows of heritable variability, use of adaptive potential” (No. 0662-2019-0003).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.