vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ19.37-ovavilov-2331Research ArticleАктуальные технологии генетики растенийГенетический анализ на основе гаплотипов: проблемы и перспективыHaplotypes-based genetic analysis: benefits and challengesСегалД.SehgalD.

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Texcoco

d.sehgal@cgiar.orgДрейзигакерС.DreisigackerS.

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Texcoco

Международный центр улучшения кукурузы и пшеницы (CIMMYT)МексикаInternational Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT)Mexico201922112019237803808Copyright © Сегал Д., Дрейзигакер С., 20192019Сегал Д., Дрейзигакер С.Sehgal D., Dreisigacker S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2331

Возросшая доступность однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов (SNP), разработанных с помощью технологий секвенирования нового поколения (NGS), позволяет проводить генетические исследования культурных растений, которые ранее были невозможны. Одновременно с этим ученые сталкиваются с необходимостью обработки больших массивов данных, полученных на основе полногеномного скрининга. Сложность обработки и интерпретации экспериментальных данных может быть уменьшена за счет сокращения числа статистических тестов и снижения вероятности ложных ассоциаций путем группировки тысяч SNP в несколько сотен блоков гаплотипов. Благодаря устойчивой структуре генома в селекционных линиях большинства культур, построение гаплотипов может стать мощным дополнением для повышения эффективности маркер- ориентированной и геномной селекции. В настоящем обзоре кратко перечислены подходы, традиционно применяемые для конструирования гаплотипных блоков, а также приведены успешные примеры исследований, проведенных на культурных растениях и животных, по диссекции хозяйственно важных признаков на основе гаплотипного анализа. Представлены выводы и важные заключения, сделанные по результатам изучения генома культурных растений с использованием подхода, основанного на анализе гаплотипов.

The increasing availability of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) discovered by Next Generation Sequencing will enable a range of new genetic analyses in crops, which was not possible before. Concomitantly, researchers will face the challenge of handling large data sets at the whole-genome level. By grouping thousands of SNPs into a few hundred haplotype blocks, complexity of the data can be reduced with fewer statistical tests and a lower probability of spurious associations. Owing to the strong genome structure present in breeding lines of most crops, the deployment of haplotypes could be a powerful complement to improve efficiency of marker-assisted and genomic selection. This review describes in brief the commonly used approaches to construct haplotype blocks and some examples in animals and crops are cited where haplotype-based dissection of traits were proven beneficial. Some important considerations and facts while working with haplotypes in crops are reviewed at the end.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.