vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ19.557vavilov-2335Research ArticleЦитогенетика растенийPlant cytogeneticsИдентификация унивалентных хромосом у моносомных линий хлопчатника Gossypium hirsutum L. с помощью цитогенетических маркеровIdentification of univalent chromosomes in monosomic lines of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by means of cytogenetic markersСанамьянМ. Ф.SanamyanM. F.

Ташкент.

Tashkent.

sanam_marina@rambler.ruБобохужаевШ. У.BobokhujayevSh. U.

Ташкент.

Tashkent.

Национальный университет Узбекистана им. М. УлугбекаРоссияNational University of Uzbekistan named after M. UlugbekRussian Federation201922112019237836845Copyright © Санамьян М.Ф., Бобохужаев Ш.У., 20192019Санамьян М.Ф., Бобохужаев Ш.У.Sanamyan M.F., Bobokhujayev S.U.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2335

Отсутствие четких морфологических маркеров хромосом хлопчатника способствовало разработке нетрадиционного метода маркировки хромосом с помощью транслокаций. Тестерные транслокационные линии хлопчатника на сегодняшний день представляют собой наиболее полный набор цитологических маркеров. Приведены результаты цитогенетического анализа гибридов F1, полученных от скрещиваний моносомных линий хлопчатника с транслокационными линиями с идентифицированными хромосомами. Цитогенетическая идентификация и нумерация унивалентных хромосом у 25 моносомных линий цитогенетической коллекции Национального университета Узбекистана позволила установить, что четыре моносомные линии имеют унивалентные хромосомы по хромосоме 2, 15 линий – по хромосоме 4, четыре линии – по хромосоме 6, одна линия – по хромосоме 7 Аt-субгенома и одна линия – по хромосоме 18 Dt-субгенома хлопчатника. Остальная 21 линия была дубликатом трех негомологичных хромосом. Все идентифицированные моносомные линии характеризовались различиями в размерах унивалентов, величине мейотического индекса, числа тетрад с микроядрами, фертильности пыльцы, частоты воспроизводства моносомного состояния в потомстве и комплекса морфологических признаков, ассоциированных с моносомией по идентифицированной хромосоме. Несмотря на различия в генотипической среде и методах получения моносомиков в двух коллекциях хлопчатника, наблюдается удивительное совпадение дан ных по большей частоте появления моносомиков по хромосомам 2, 4 и 6, тогда как моносомики по другим хромосомам набора появляются с куда меньшей частотой, а по восьми негомологичным хромосомам (5, 8, 13 Аt-субгенома и 14, 15, 19, 22 и 24 Dt-субгенома) вообще никогда не выявляются.

The lack of clear morphological markers of cotton chromosomes contributed to the development of an unconventional method for marking chromosomes using translocations. Today, tester translocation cotton lines represent the most complete set of cytological markers. The results of cytogenetic analysis of F1 hybrids obtained from crosses of monosomic cotton lines with translocation lines with identified chromosomes are presented. Cytogenetic identification and numbering of univalent chromosomes in 25 monosomic lines of the cytogenetic collection of the National University of Uzbekistan allowed us to establish the following univalent occurrences: chromosome 2 in four monosomic lines, chromosome 4 in 15 lines, chromosome 6 in four lines, chromosome 7 of the At-subgenome in one line and chromosome 18 of the Dt-subgenome in one line. The remaining 21 lines were duplicates of three non-homologous chromosomes. All monosomic lines identified were characterized by differences in univalent sizes, meiotic index, number of tetrads with micronuclei, pollen fertility, frequency of monosomy in the progeny, and a complex of morphological characters associated with the monosomy of the chromosome identified. Despite differences in the genotypic environment and methods for producing monosomics in the two cotton collections, there is a surprising coincidence of data suggesting a higher frequency of chromosomes 2, 4 and 6 occurring as monosomics, while the other chromosomes of the set occur as monosomics at a much lower frequency, and eight nonhomologous chromosomes (5, 8, 13 of the At-subgenome and 14, 15, 19, 22 and 24 of the Dt-subgenome of cotton) never do.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.