vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ19.558vavilov-2336Research ArticleЦитогенетика растенийPlant cytogeneticsСоздание и характеристика линии мягкой пшеницы с центрической транслокацией Т2DL.2RLThe creation and characterization of the bread wheat line with a centric translocation T2DL.2RLИвановаЮ. Н.IvanovaYu. N.

Новосибирск.

Novosibirsk.

kabanenko@bionet.nsc.ruСоловейЛ. А.SoloveyL. A.

Минск.

Мinsk.

ЛогиноваД. Б.LoginovaD. B.

Новосибирск.

Novosibirsk.

МирошниковаЕ. Е.MiroshnikovaE. E.

Новосибирск.

Novosibirsk.

ДубовецН. И.DubovetsN. I.

Минск.

Мinsk.

СилковаО. Г.SilkovaO. G.

Новосибирск.

Novosibirsk.

Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RASRussian FederationИнститут генетики и цитологии Национальной академии наук БеларусиБеларусьInstitute of Genetics and Cytology, NAS of BelarusBelarusНовосибирский государственный аграрный университетРоссияNovosibirsk State Agrarian UniversityRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Новосибирский государственный аграрный университетРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS; Novosibirsk State Agrarian UniversityRussian Federation201922112019237846855Copyright © Иванова Ю.Н., Соловей Л.А., Логинова Д.Б., Мирошникова Е.Е., Дубовец Н.И., Силкова О.Г., 20192019Иванова Ю.Н., Соловей Л.А., Логинова Д.Б., Мирошникова Е.Е., Дубовец Н.И., Силкова О.Г.Ivanova Y.N., Solovey L.A., Loginova D.B., Miroshnikova E.E., Dubovets N.I., Silkova O.G.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2336

Создание интрогрессивных форм мягкой пшеницы с чужеродным генетическим материалом от культурных и диких видов трибы Triticeae является эффективным методом для расширения генофонда пшеницы, необходимого для селекционных работ. К настоящему времени получены многочисленные коллекции линий с интрогрессиями в виде замещений и модификаций хромосом, однако создание и изучение форм пшеницы с новыми ценными признаками остаются актуальным направлением современных научных разработок. Рожь Secale cereale L., чьи хромосомы несут гены, контролирующие ценные экономические и биологические характеристики и свойства, широко используется для получения новых форм. В данной работе охарактеризована линия пшеницы с транслоцированной хромосомой, которая была получена при беккроссировании дисомно-замещенной пшенично-ржаной линии 2R(2D)1 сортом Новосибирская 67. С использованием флуоресцентной in situ гибридизации (FISH) и метода С-окрашивания изучен хромосомный состав кариотипов линий. Идентифицированы две центрические пшенично-ржаные транслоцированные хромосомы, образованные из двух длинных плеч хромосом 2D и 2R, Т2DL.2RL. Остальные 40 хромосом пшеницы не подверглись структурным изменениям. Мейоз линий характеризовался стабильностью. Хромосомы Т2DL.2RL формировали биваленты во всех мейоцитах, что подтверждает их гомологичность. По морфологическим признакам колоса линия Т2DL.2RL не отличалась от сорта Новосибирская 67. Проведен сравнительный анализ показателей элементов продуктивности у линии с транслокацией Т2DL.2RL и родительских форм, сорта Новосибирская 67 и дисомно-замещенной пшенично-ржаной линии 2R(2D)1. По результатам сравнения, линия Т2DL.2RL достоверно уступает сорту Новосибирская 67 по всем показателям с различной степенью достоверности. Показатели продуктивности линии 2R(2D)1 превосходили либо не отличались от показателей линии с транслокацией Т2DL.2RL, однако масса 1000 зерен была достоверно меньше. Обнаружено также влияние транс- локации Т2DL.2RL на признак «высота растения». Этот показатель был достоверно ниже, чем у Новосибирской 67, в условиях двух вегетаций. Следовательно, транслокация Т2DL.2RL влияет на уменьшение высоты растений, а также вызывает отрицательный эффект на элементы продуктивности.

The development of bread wheat introgressions with alien genetic material from cultural and wild Triticeae species is an effective method for expanding the wheat gene pool necessary for breeding. To date, numerous collections of introgressions as substitutions and chromosome modifications have been obtained; however, the creation and study of wheat with new valuable traits still remain an important line of research. Rye Secale cereale L., whose chromosomes carry genes that control valuable economic and biological characteristics and properties, is widely used to produce new wheat forms. In this study, a wheat-rye translocation obtained by backcrossing the wheat-rye disomic-substitution line 2R(2D)1 with the variety Novosibirskaya 67 was characterized. The chromosomal composition of karyotypes was studied using fluorescent in situ hybridization and C-banding. Two centric translocations, derived from two long arms of chromosomes 2D and 2R, T2DL.2RL, were identified, the remaining 40 wheat chromosomes did not undergo modifications. Meiosis in the lines was stable. Chromosomes T2DL.2RL formed bivalents in all meiocytes, which confirmed their homology. The morphological characteristics of the spike in the T2DL.2RL line and Novosibirskaya 67 did not differ. A comparative analysis of productivity between the T2DL.2RL translocation line and the parental forms, Novosibirskaya 67 and the 2R(2D)1 line, was carried out. The T2DL.2RL line is inferior to Novosibirskaya 67 in all characters with different confidence levels. The productivity characters of the 2R(2D)1 line exceeded or did not differ from those of T2DL.2RL, however, the mass of 1000 grains was significantly lower. The results showed the effect of the T2DL.2RL translocation on the trait “plant height”. This character was significantly lower than that of Novosibirskaya 67 in two vegetation periods. Consequently, the T2DL.2RL translocation reduces plant height and productivity.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.