vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ19.559vavilov-2337Research ArticleУстойчивость растений к биотическим факторамВлияние хозяин-специфичного токсина SnTOX3 патогена Stagonospora nodorum на сигнальный путь этилена и редокс-статус растений мягкой яровой пшеницыEffect of the host-specific toxin SnTOX3 from Stagonospora nodorum on ethylene signaling pathway regulation and redox-state in common wheathttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1219-2383ВеселоваС. В.VeselovaS. V.

Уфа.

Ufa.

veselova75@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2346-3502БурхановаГ. Ф.BurkhanovaG. F.

Уфа.

Ufa.

НужнаяТ. В.NuzhnayaT. V.

Уфа.

Ufa.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5331-448XРумянцевС. Д.RumyantsevS. D.

Уфа.

Ufa.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5707-3265МаксимовИ. В.MaksimovI. V.

Уфа.

Ufa.

Институт биохимии и генетики – обособленное структурное подразделение Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Biochemistry and Genetics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre, RASRussian Federation201923112019237856864Copyright © Веселова С.В., Бурханова Г.Ф., Нужная Т.В., Румянцев С.Д., Максимов И.В., 20192019Веселова С.В., Бурханова Г.Ф., Нужная Т.В., Румянцев С.Д., Максимов И.В.Veselova S.V., Burkhanova G.F., Nuzhnaya T.V., Rumyantsev S.D., Maksimov I.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2337

Важнейший фактор вирулентности возбудителя септориоза пшеницы Stagonospora nodorum Berk. – многочисленные некротрофные эффекторы (НЭ) гриба (SnTox), взаимодействующие с продуктами генов восприимчивости хозяина (Snn). Взаимодействия SnTox-Snn осуществляются по типу ген-на-ген и ведут к развитию болезни. В настоящей работе изучено взаимодействие SnTox3-Snn3, результатом которого является развитие инфекции на листьях с образованием обширных зон поражения. Предположительно, механизм действия SnTox3 связан с регуляцией редокс-метаболизма и влиянием на синтез этилена у растений пшеницы, однако молекулярные механизмы до конца не раскрыты. Для характеристики взаимодействия SnTox3-Snn3 в работе были ис- пользованы изоляты S. nodorum, различающиеся по экспрессии гена SnTox: SnБ (Tox3+) и Sn4ВД (Tox3–), и два сорта мягкой яровой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.), контрастные по устойчивости к возбудителю септориоза и различающиеся по аллельному составу локуса восприимчивости Snn3-B1: Казахстанская 10 (восприимчивая) и Омская 35 (устойчивая). Проведена сравнительная оценка характера транскрипционной активности генов биосинтеза (TaACS1, TaACО) и сигнального пути этилена (TaEIL1, TaERF1) методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) в реальном времени и оценен редокс-статус растений пшеницы, инфицированных различными изолятами S. nodorum с помощью спектрофотометрических методов. Показано, что индукция биосинтеза и сигнального пути этилена происходила в результате взаимодействия по типу ген-на-ген Snn3-B1-SnTox3. Результаты оценки редокс-статуса растений показали, что этилен подавлял накопление пероксида водорода в чувствительных к SnTox3 генотипах за счет регуляции работы различных ферментов про-/антиоксидантной системы на транскрипционном и посттрансляционном уровнях. Таким образом, полученные результаты предполагают, что НЭ SnTox3 влиял на биосинтез и сигнальный путь этилена с целью регуляции редокс-метаболизма инфицированных растений пшеницы для успешной колонизации хозяина на начальных этапах инфицирования, что впоследствии приводило к обширным зонам поражения за счет быстрого размножения патогена.

The fungus Stagonospora nodorum Berk. is the causative agent of Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) of wheat. The most important factors of Stagonospora nodorum virulence include numerous fungal necrotrophic effectors (NEs) encoded by SnTox genes. They interact with the matching products of host susceptibility genes (Snn). SnTox-Snn interactions are mirror images of classical gene-for-gene interactions and lead to the development of disease. We have studied the SnTox3-Snn3 interaction, resulting in the development of infection on leaves and formation of extensive lesions. The mechanism of SnTox3 action is likely to be linked to the regulation of redox metabolism and the influence on ethylene synthesis in the wheat plants, although the molecular mechanisms are not fully unveiled. To characterize the SnTox3-Snn3 interaction, we used S. nodorum isolates differing in the expression of the NEs genes SnTox3 (SnB (Tox3+), Sn4VD (Tox3–)) and two soft spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, contrasting in resistance to the SNB agent and differing in the allelic composition of the susceptibility locus Snn3-B1: Kazakhstanskaya 10 (susceptible) and Omskaya 35 (resistant). We carried out a comparative assessment of the transcriptional activity patterns of genes responsible for ethylene biosynthesis (TaACS1, TaACО) and signaling pathway (TaEIL1, TaERF1) by real-time PCR and estimated the redox state of wheat plants infected with different isolates of S. nodorum by spectrometry. The induction of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling has been shown to result from gene-for-gene interaction between Snn3-B1 and SnTox3. The results of plant redox status estimation showed that ethylene inhibited accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in SnTox3-sensitive genotypes by regulating the operation of various pro-/antioxidant enzymes at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels. Our results suggest that NE SnTox3 influences ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, thereby regulating redox metabolism in infected wheat plants as necessary for successful host colonization at the initial phases of infection, which ultimately leads to extensive lesions due to fast pathogen reproduction.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.