vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ19.560vavilov-2338Research ArticleУстойчивость растений к биотическим факторамИндуцированная устойчивость представителей рода Triticum к обыкновенной злаковой тле Schizaphis graminum RondInduced resistance to the greenbug aphid Schizaphis graminum Rond. in species of the genus Triticumhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5331-448XРумянцевС. Д.RumyantsevS. D.

Уфа.

Ufa.

Rumyantsev-Serg@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1219-2383ВеселоваС. В.VeselovaS. V.

Уфа.

Ufa.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2346-3502БурхановаГ. Ф.BurkhanovaG. F.

Уфа.

Ufa.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5707-3265МаксимовИ. В.MaksimovI. V.

Уфа.

Ufa.

Институт биохимии и генетики – обособленное структурное подразделение Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Biochemistry and Genetics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre, RASRussian Federation201923112019237865872Copyright © Румянцев С.Д., Веселова С.В., Бурханова Г.Ф., Максимов И.В., 20192019Румянцев С.Д., Веселова С.В., Бурханова Г.Ф., Максимов И.В.Rumyantsev S.D., Veselova S.V., Burkhanova G.F., Maksimov I.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2338

Обыкновенная злаковая тля Schizaphis graminum Rond. наносит значительный ущерб посевам зерновых культур, поэтому повышение устойчивости растений к тлям – одна из первостепенных задач. Проблема создания устойчивых сортов к насекомым, питающимся флоэмным соком, стоит достаточно остро, так как механизмы, характеризующие устойчивость растений к насекомым, до конца не изучены. Тем не менее в современной литературе описывают механизмы, связанные с изменением редокс-статуса растений, заселенных тлей. Кроме того, в последнее время все большее внимание уделяется изучению механизмов индуцируемой устойчивости пшеницы к тлям, регулируемой гормональными сигнальными системами. Для обнаружения связи между редокс-статусом, показателями устойчивости растений пшеницы (антибиозом и выносливостью) к вредителю и индукцией жасмонат (ЖАК)- и салицилат (СК)-сигнальных путей у представителей трех видов растений пшеницы, Triticum aestivum L., T. monococcum L. и T. timopheevii Zhuk., заселенных обыкновенной злаковой тлей S. graminum, были проведены исследования с помощью физиологических, биохимических и молекулярно-генетических методов. Тесты на антибиоз и выносливость показали, что устойчивыми по отношению к S. graminum были образцы T. timopheevii – к-58666 и T. monococcum – к-39471, последний из которых оказался наиболее выносливым. Устойчивые образцы отличались высоким содержанием перекиси водоро- да и повышенной активностью пероксидазы. В нашей работе исследована экспрессия генов, кодирующих PR-белки, маркеры и регуляторы СК- (TaRboh, TaPAL, TaPr1, TaPrx) и ЖАК-сигнальных путей (TaPI, TaLOX, TaPrx). При ранних ответных реакциях после заселения тлей у восприимчивого сорта Салават Юлаев (T. aestivum) активировалась экспрессия только ЖАК-зависимых генов, что отражало реакцию растений на повреждение. У устойчивого образца T. timopheevii к-58666 повышалась транскрипционная активность СК-зависимых генов, при этом тля практически не размножалась. У устойчивого образца T. monococcum к-39471, проявившего наибольшую выносливость, увеличивалась экспрессия как СК-, так и ЖАК-зависимых генов. Мы предполагаем, что окислительный взрыв у устойчивых форм пшеницы индуцировался благодаря запуску СК-сигнального пути, что имело решающее значение в дальнейшем каскаде химических реакций, ведущих к развитию устойчивости.

The greenbug aphid Schizaphis graminum Rond. causes a significant loss of the grain harvest. Therefore, to improve plant resistance to aphids is one of the topical tasks. The problem of creating varieties resistant to phloem-feeding insects is quite urgent, since the mechanisms procuring the resistance of plants to insects are not fully understood. Nevertheless, modern literature describes some mechanisms associated with changes in the redox state of colonized plants. Besides, attention is being increasingly focused on the study of mechanisms that underlie inducible resistance to aphids in wheat and are regulated by hormonal signaling systems. To detect connections among the redox status, indicators of resistance (antibiosis and endurance) of wheat plants to the pest, and induction of the jasmonate (JA) and salicylate (SA) signaling pathways, we studied accessions of three species of wheat plants – Triticum aestivum L., T. monococcum., and T. timopheevii Zhuk.– infested with S. graminum greenbugs by physiological, biochemical, and molecular methods. Analysis of antibiosis and endurance showed that T. timopheevii k-58666 and T. monococcum k-39471 were resistant to S. graminum, the latter accession being the most enduring. High hydrogen peroxide contents and high peroxidase activities were detected in the resistant plants. We investigated the expression of genes encoding PR proteins, including markers and regulators of the salicylate (TaRboh, TaPAL, Tapr1, TaPrx) and jasmonate (TaPI, TaLOX, TaPrx) signaling pathways. At the early stage of infestation in the susceptible T. aestivum variety Salavat Yulaev, the expression of only jasmonate-dependent genes was activated in response to plant damage. In the resistant T. timopheevii accession k-58666, expression of only salicylate-dependent genes was activated, while the aphid reproduction was practically absent. In the resistant T. monococcum accession k-39471, expression was activated in both the salicylate-dependent and jasmonate-dependent gene groups. We assume that the oxidative burst in the resistant forms of wheat was induced via the activation of the SA signaling pathway, which was of crucial importance in the further cascade of chemical reactions leading to the development of resistance.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.