vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ19.567vavilov-2345Research ArticleГенетические ресурсы растенийФенотипическое проявление аллеля низкостебельности Rht-B1p (Rht-17) у яровой твердой пшеницы в двух климатических условияхPhenotypic effects of the dwarfing gene Rht-17 in spring durum wheat under two climatic conditionsЧерноокА. Г.ChernookA. G.

Москва.

Moscow.

Irbis-sibrI@yandex.ruКрупинП. Ю.KroupinP. Yu.

Москва.

Moscow.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3844-9682БеспаловаЛ. А.BespalovaL. A.

Краснодар.

Krasnodar.

ПанченкоВ. В.PanchenkoV. V.

Краснодар.

Krasnodar.

КовтуненкоВ. Я.KovtunenkoV. Ya.

Краснодар.

Krasnodar.

БаженовМ. С.BazhenovM. S.

Москва.

Moscow.

НазароваЛ. А.NazarovaL. A.

Москва.

Moscow.

КарловГ. И.KarlovG. I.

Москва.

Moscow.

КрупинаА. Ю.KroupinaA. Yu.

Москва.

Moscow.

ДивашукМ. Г.DivashukM. G.

Москва.

Moscow.

Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологии, лаборатория прикладной геномики и частной селекции сельскохозяйственных растений; Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА им. К.А. Тимирязева, Центр молекулярной биотехнологииРоссияAll-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Crop Breeding; Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Centre for Molecular BiotechnologyRussian FederationНациональный центр зерна им. П.П. ЛукьяненкоРоссияNational Center of Grain named after P.P. LukyanenkoRussian FederationВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологии, лаборатория прикладной геномики и частной селекции сельскохозяйственных растенийРоссияAll-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Crop BreedingRussian Federation201923112019237916925Copyright © Черноок А.Г., Крупин П.Ю., Беспалова Л.А., Панченко В.В., Ковтуненко В.Я., Баженов М.С., Назарова Л.А., Карлов Г.И., Крупина А.Ю., Дивашук М.Г., 20192019Черноок А.Г., Крупин П.Ю., Беспалова Л.А., Панченко В.В., Ковтуненко В.Я., Баженов М.С., Назарова Л.А., Карлов Г.И., Крупина А.Ю., Дивашук М.Г.Chernook A.G., Kroupin P.Y., Bespalova L.A., Panchenko V.V., Kovtunenko V.Y., Bazhenov M.S., Nazarova L.A., Karlov G.I., Kroupina A.Y., Divashuk M.G.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2345

Аллели генов, определяющие низкостебельность, играют большую роль в селекции твердой пшеницы, так как не только снижают высоту растений, обеспечивая их устойчивость к полеганию, но и обладают рядом плейотропных эффектов. Твердая пшеница несет два субгенома, A и B, что ограничивает использование аллелей генов субгенома D и требует расширения арсенала аллелей низкостебельности и изучения их влияния на высоту и агрономически важные признаки. В настоящей работе изучали фенотипическое проявление аллеля Rht- B1p (Rht- 17) в семьях B2F2:3, полученных в результате скрещивания Chris Mutant/#517//LD222 в полевом опыте в Москве и Краснодаре. Показано, что растения, гомозиготные по аллелю Rht-B1p, по сравнению с растениями, несущими аллель дикого типа Rht-B1a, были ниже на 36.3 см (40 %) в Москве и на 49.5 см (48 %) в Краснодаре. В полевом опыте в Краснодаре у растений с Rht-B1p было на одно междоузлие меньше, чем у растений дикого типа, что также внесло вклад в снижение высоты растений. Масса зерна в главном колосе у растений с аллелем Rht-B1p была ниже, чем у растений с Rht-B1a, на 12 % в Москве и на 23 % в Краснодаре из-за снижения массы 1000 зерен в обоих регионах проведения полевого опыта. Число зерен в главном колосе у растений с Rht-B1p было выше по сравнению с растениями с Rht-B1a на 6.5 % в Москве благодаря увеличению числа колосков в главном колосе и на 11 % в Краснодаре вследствие большей озерненности колоска. Колошение у растений с аллелем низкостельности Rht-B1p по сравнению с растениями с аллелем дикого типа Rht-B1a в Краснодаре наступило позже в среднем на семь дней. Обсуждаются возможность и перспективы использования Rht-B1p в селекции твердой пшеницы.

Alleles of the genes, conferring a dwarfing phenotype, play a crucial role in wheat breeding, as they not only reduce plant height, ensuring their resistance to lodging, but also have a number of positive and negative pleiotropic effects on plant productivity. Durum wheat carries only two subgenomes (A and B), which limits the use of the D-subgenome genes and requires the expansion of the arsenal of dwarfing alleles and the study of their effects on height and agronomically important traits. We studied the effect of the gibberellin-insensitive allele Rht-B1p in the B2F2:3 families, developed by crossing Chris Mutant /#517//LD222 in a field experiment in Moscow and Krasnodar. In our experiments, plants homozygous for Rht-B1p were shorter than those homozygous for the wild-type allele Rht-B1a by 36.3 cm (40 %) in Moscow and 49.5 cm (48 %) in Krasnodar. In the field experiment in Krasnodar, each plant with Rht-B1p had one less internode than any plant with Rht-B1a, which additionally contributed to the decrease in plant height. Grain weight per main spike was lower in plants with Rht-B1p than in plants with Rht-B1a by 12 % in Moscow and by 23 % in Krasnodar due to a decrease in 1000 grain weight in both regions of the field experiment. The number of grains per main spike in plants with Rht-B1p was higher in comparison to that with Rht-B1a by 6.5 % in Moscow due to an increase in spikelet number per main spike and by 11 % in Krasnodar due to an increase in grain number per spikelet. The onset of heading in plants with Rht-B1p in comparison with the plants with the wild-type allele Rht-B1a was 7 days later in Krasnodar. The possibility and prospects for the use of Rht-B1p in the breeding of durum wheat are discussed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.