vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ19.573vavilov-2389Research ArticleГЕНОМИКА И ТРАНСКРИПТОМИКАPLANT GENETICS AND BREEDINGПолиморфизм генов Sdr, регулирующих покой семян у Triticum persicum Vav. и Triticum aethiopicum Jakubz.Polymorphism of Sdr genes regulating seed dormancy in Triticum persicum Vav. and Triticum aethiopicum Jakubz.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7301-1363БаженовМ. С.BazhenovM. S.

Москва

Moscow

mikhabazhenov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5157-0386ГусеваЕ. Д.GusevaE. D.

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-8837РубецВ. С.RubetsV. S.

Москва

Moscow

Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА им. К.А. Тимирязева; Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сельскохозяйственной биотехнологииРоссияRussian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy; All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural BiotechnologyRussian FederationРоссийский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА им. К.А. ТимирязеваРоссияRussian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural AcademyRussian Federation201908012020238964971Copyright © Баженов М.С., Гусева Е.Д., Рубец В.С., 20202020Баженов М.С., Гусева Е.Д., Рубец В.С.Bazhenov M.S., Guseva E.D., Rubets V.S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2389

Предуборочное прорастание зерна пшеницы, периодически наблюдаемое во многих регионах возделывания этой культуры, приводит к ухудшению его продовольственных и посевных качеств. Покой семян считается основным компонентом устойчивости к предуборочному прорастанию. Это физиологическое состояние регулируется множеством генов и сильно зависит от условий окружающей среды. Один из регуляторов покоя семян злаков – ген Sdr4 (Seed dormancy 4), впервые изученный у риса. У мягкой пшеницы гомологи этого гена, TaSdr-A1 и TaSdr-B1, также участвуют в регуляции покоя семян. Поиск ценных аллелей генов у местных сортов и эндемичных форм считается перспективным направлением исследований, нацеленных на повышение устойчивости сельскохозяйственных культур к неблагоприятным факторам окружающей среды. В настоящем исследовании гены Sdr были секвенированы у нескольких образцов двух тетраплоидных видов пшеницы, имеющих ограниченные ареалы возделывания, – пшеницы карталинской (Triticum persicum Vav.) и пшеницы эфиопской (Triticum aethiopicum Jakubz.). В результате у этих видов были найдены те же варианты аллелей генов Sdr-A1 и Sdr-B1, которые ранее были обнаружены у пшеницы мягкой. При этом у пшеницы карталинской встречается только аллель Sdr-A1a, а у пшеницы эфиопской – аллель Sdr-A1b. При анализе гибридов F2, полученных от скрещивания данных тетраплоидных видов, аллель Sdr-A1b был связан с меньшим индексом прорастания зерна, чем аллель Sdr-A1a, что не согласуется с результатами предшествующих ассоциативных исследований. В промоторе гена Sdr-B1 у изучаемых образцов были обнаружены ранее неизвестные полиморфизмы. В 3’-конце гена TraesCS2B02G215200, расположенного на комплементарной цепи ДНК близко к 3’-концу гена Sdr-B1, обнаружена делеция 16 нуклеотидов. Обсуждается возможное влияние найденных полиморфизмов на экспрессию генов Sdr.

Preharvest sprouting of wheat grain, sporadically observed in many regions of cultivation of this crop, leads to deterioration of its food and sowing qualities. Seed dormancy is considered to be the main component of resistance to preharvest sprouting. This physiological state of seeds is regulated by many genes, and it depends heavily on environmental conditions. One of the regulators of seed dormancy in cereals is the Sdr4 gene (Seed dormancy 4), which was first studied in rice. In common wheat, the homologues of this gene (TaSdr-A1 and TaSdr-B1) are also involved in the regulation of seed dormancy. The search for valuable alleles in local varieties and endemic forms is a promising area of research aimed at increasing the resistance of crops to adverse environmental factors. In this study, Sdr genes were sequenced in several accessions of two tetraploid wheat species with limited cultivation areas: Persian wheat (Triticum persicum Vav.) and Ethiopian wheat (Triticum aethiopicum Jakubz.). As a result, the same Sdr-A1 and Sdr-B1 variants that had been found in common wheat were detected in these species. The Persian wheat accessions possessed only the Sdr-A1a allele, while Ethiopian ones, only Sdr-A1b. The analysis of F2 hybrids obtained from crossing these tetraploid species showed that the Sdr-A1b allele was associated with a lower germination index of grains than Sdr-A1a. This result was inconsistent with earlier association studies. Previously unknown polymorphisms were found in the promoter of the Sdr-B1 gene in the studied accessions. A deletion of 16 nucleotides was detected in the 3’-terminal region of the TraesCS2B02G215200 gene, located on the complementary DNA chain close to the 3’-end of the Sdr-B1 gene. Possible effects of the detected polymorphisms on the expression of Sdr genes are discussed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.