vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ19.575vavilov-2392Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА И СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ, КАЧЕСТВО, ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И СТРЕССОУСТОЙЧИВОСТЬANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDINGЭффективность использования SNP-маркеров в гене MSTN в селекции кур пушкинской породыEfficiency of using SNP markers in the MSTN gene in the selection of the Pushkin breed chickenshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0210-9344ДементьеваН. В.DementevaN. V.

Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург

Pushkin, St. Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5166-979XВахрамеевА. Б.VakhrameevA. B.

Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург

Pushkin, St. Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7764-1338ЛаркинаТ. А.LarkinaT. A.

Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург

Pushkin, St. Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4702-2736МитрофановаО. В.MitrofanovaO. V.

Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург

Pushkin, St. Petersburg

mo1969@mail.ruВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных – филиал Федерального научного центра животноводства – ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. ЭрнстаРоссияRussian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding – Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal HusbandryRussian Federation201909012020238993998Copyright © Дементьева Н.В., Вахрамеев А.Б., Ларкина Т.А., Митрофанова О.В., 20202020Дементьева Н.В., Вахрамеев А.Б., Ларкина Т.А., Митрофанова О.В.Dementeva N.V., Vakhrameev A.B., Larkina T.A., Mitrofanova O.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2392

В птицеводстве показатели, отражающие интенсивность роста молодняка и экстерьерные характеристики кур, – важные ориентиры для селекции. Традиционный селекционный отбор, основанный на фенотипической оценке, отличается невысокой эффективностью при низком коэффициенте наследуемости признака, и в малочисленных группах животных и птиц, разводимых в биоресурсных коллекциях, его сложно применять. Использование молекулярно-генетических маркеров, связанных с экономически значимыми признаками, позволяет проводить ранний отбор птицы. Это влечет за собой повышение рентабельности птицеводства. В последнее время удобными для селекционных целей маркерами служат однонуклеотидные полиморфизмы (SNP). В опытной популяции кур пушкинской породы в течение пяти поколений (P1 – P5) проводили маркерную селекцию на увеличение живой массы. В ее основе был отбор по однонуклеотидной замене rs313744840 в гене MSTN. В результате отбора за этот период произошло значительное увеличение частоты аллеля А в этом гене: с 0.11 до 0.50. Ассоциация SNP-маркера c мясными качествами в опытной группе кур привела к изменениям экстерьерного профиля взрослой птицы в возрасте 330 дней. Наибольшей живой массой и длинным корпусом отличались особи с генотипами AG и AA. В результате селекции птица в среднем стала крупнее за счет увеличения количества гетерозиготных особей с длинным корпусом и большим обхватом груди. Глубина груди и ширина таза увеличились параллельно с ростом частоты аллеля A в опытной популяции. Обнаружена тенденция к увеличению этих показателей при замене G на A в генотипе. Насыщение популяции желательными аллелями привело к росту средних показателей живой массы кур. Анализ экстерьерных параметров взрослой птицы показал, что этот рост достигается за счет увеличения глубины и объема корпуса птицы, а не роста длины конечностей. Таким образом, в опытной популяции кур пушкинской породы на протяжении пяти поколений проведена маркерная селекция на увеличение живой массы, которая достоверно (p < 0.001) изменила экстерьерный профиль взрослой птицы.

In the poultry industry, indicators reflecting the growth rate of young stock and the exterior characteristics of chickens are important benchmarks for breeding. Traditional selection based on phenotypic evaluation is characterized by low efficiency with a low character inheritance ratio and is difficult to apply in small groups of animals and birds bred in bioresource collections. The use of molecular genetic markers associated with economically important traits makes it possible to carry out early selection of birds. This entails an increase in the profitability of the poultry industry. Recently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have served as convenient markers for selection purposes. For five generations (P1–P5), an experimental selection of hens of the Pushkin breed was carried out for live weight. It was based on selection for single nucleotide polymorphism rs313744840 in the MSTN gene. As a result, a significant increase in the frequency of allele A in this gene, from 0.11 to 0.50, took place. The association of SNP markers with meat qualities in the experimental group led to changes in the exterior profile of an adult bird at 330 days of age. The individuals with the AA and AG genotypes had the greatest live weight and longest body. As a result of selection, the bird on average became larger due to an increase in the number of heterozygous individuals with long bodies and large chest girths. The depth of the chest and the width of the pelvis increased due to an increase in the frequency of allele A in the experimental population. A tendency towards an increase in these indicators with the substitution of G with A in the genotype was found. Saturation of the population with desirable alleles led to an increase in the average live weight of the chickens. Analysis of the exterior parameters of adult birds showed that this growth is achieved by increasing the depth and volume of the bird body, and not by increasing the length of the limbs. Thus, marker selection carried out for five generations in the experimental population of Pushkin breed chickens to increase body weight has reliably (p < 0.001) changed the exterior profile of adult birds.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.