vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ20.593vavilov-2478Research ArticleБИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ И СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙBIOTECHNOLOGY AND PLANT BREEDINGМетоды биотехнологии как потенциал развития селекции сахарной свеклыBiotechnological methods as a tool for efficient sugar beet breedingЖужжаловаТ. П.ZhuzhzhalovaT. P.

Пос. ВНИИСС, Рамонский район, Воронежская область

VNIISS, Ramon raion, Voronezh oblast

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7926-5129КолесниковаЕ. О.KolesnikovaE. O.

Пос. ВНИИСС, Рамонский район, Воронежская область

VNIISS, Ramon raion, Voronezh oblast

kolelkbn@mail.ruВасильченкоЕ. Н.VasilchenkoE. N.

Пос. ВНИИСС, Рамонский район, Воронежская область

VNIISS, Ramon raion, Voronezh oblast

ЧеркасоваН. Н.CherkasovaN. N.

Пос. ВНИИСС, Рамонский район, Воронежская область

VNIISS, Ramon raion, Voronezh oblast

Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт сахарной свеклы и сахара им. А.Л. МазлумоваРоссияA.L. Mazlumov All-Russia Research Institute of Sugar BeetRussian Federation2020170320202414047Copyright © Жужжалова Т.П., Колесникова Е.О., Васильченко Е.Н., Черкасова Н.Н., 20202020Жужжалова Т.П., Колесникова Е.О., Васильченко Е.Н., Черкасова Н.Н.Zhuzhzhalova T.P., Kolesnikova E.O., Vasilchenko E.N., Cherkasova N.N.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2478

Рассмотрены аспекты использования в селекционном процессе сахарной свеклы биотехнологических методов, позволяющих ускоренно создавать, размножать и сохранять растения с улучшенными или новыми признаками. Представлен обзор работ, проведенных по данным направлениям во Всероссийском НИИ сахарной свеклы и сахара им. А.Л. Мазлумова. Показана тесная взаимосвязь морфофизиологических исследований культивируемых invitro органов и тканей с селекционными признаками, обеспечивающая разработку экспериментальных систем реконструкции растений без полового скрещивания. Рассмотрено воздействие условий культуры invitro на гаплоидные клетки неоплодотворенных семязачатков сахарной свеклы в процессе получения удвоенных гаплоидных линий с высокой степенью гомо-зиготности и сохранением ценных селекционных свойств. В отличие от классического инбридинга, время создания гомозиготного растительного материала с помощью данного метода было сокращено с 10-12 до 3-5 лет. Исследования по культивированию зиготических зрелых зародышей сахарной свеклы на основе селективных систем invitro позволили повысить адаптивные свойства растений и обеспечить комплексную устойчивость к стрессовым факторам внешней среды. Благодаря жесткому отбору в условиях абиотического стресса созданы изогенные линии сахарной свеклы с толерантностью к засухе, засолению и кислотности почвы. Предложена оригинальная схема массового микроклонального размножения и депонирования invitro элитных растений - компонентов высокопродуктивных гибридов, которая может служить для получения выровненного селекционного материала улучшенного качества. Разработанные технологии являются приоритетным и инновационным направлением исследований, так как внедрение данных разработок в селекционный процесс сахарной свеклы будет способствовать получению конкурентоспособных гибридов с комплексом хозяйственно полезных признаков. Сочетание биотехнологических подходов, в том числе культуры тканей, с методами традиционной селекции даст возможность получать новый исходный материал для создания отечественных сортов и гибридов нового поколения с гетерозисным эффектом и широким спектром устойчивости, сохраняющимися в ряду поколений.

Here we consider aspects of the application of biotechnological methods to rapid creation, propagation, and maintenance of plants with improved or new traits in sugar beet breeding. The results of the works carried out in these fields by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "The A.L. Mazlumov All-Russia Research Institute of Sugar Beet” are reviewed. A close association between morphological and physiological changes in in vitro cultured organs and tissues, on the one hand, and breeding traits, on the other hand, which allows the development of experimental systems for non-amphimictic plant reconstruction is shown. The influence of in vitro growth conditions on haploid cells of unfertilized sugar beet ovules in the course of obtaining doubled haploid lines with high degree of homozygosity and maintenance of valuable breeding properties is considered. As compared to common inbreeding, this method shortens the time for development of homozygous material from 10-12 to 3-5 years, which is of great importance for speeding-up the breeding process. The results of studies on the culturing of mature sugar beet zygotic embryos based on in vitro selective systems have made it possible to improve the adaptive potential of plants and to provide complex resistance to environmental stress factors. Strict selection under abiotic stress conditions allowed creation of sugar beet isogenic lines with tolerance of drought, salinity, and soil acidity. It is shown that the proposed original design of mass-scale microclonal in vitro reproduction and deposition of elite plants as components of highly productive hybrids can be used to obtain seeds of uniform high-quality breeding material. The technologies developed by biotechnological methods are a topical and innovative direction of inquiry, since the application of these techniques to sugar beet breeding will promote obtaining of competitive hybrids with a set of commercially valuable traits. The combination of biotechnology methods, including tissue culture, and traditional breeding techniques is expected to provide an opportunity to obtain a new starting material to develop domestic varieties and hybrids of new generation with heterosis effect and a wide resistance spectrum persisting across generations.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.