<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ20.45-o</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2489</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА ЧЕЛОВЕКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HUMAN GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Этно-специфическое распределение вариантов гена TRPM8 в евразийских популяциях: знаки отбора</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ethnicity-specific distribution of TRPM8 gene variants in Eurasian populations: signs of selection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потапова</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Potapova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">potapovatat@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ромащенко</surname><given-names>A. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romashchenko</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1947-5554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-413X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воевода</surname><given-names>M. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voevoda</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики, Сибирское отделение Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики, Сибирское отделение Российской академии наук; Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики, Сибирское отделение Российской академии наук; Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины; Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine; Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>292</fpage><lpage>298</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Потапова T.A., Ромащенко A.Г., Юдин Н.С., Воевода M.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Потапова T.A., Ромащенко A.Г., Юдин Н.С., Воевода M.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Potapova T.A., Romashchenko A.G., Yudin N.S., Voevoda M.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2489">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2489</self-uri><abstract><p>Ген TRPM8 кодирует ионный канал, который является холодовым рецептором в афферентных нейронах соматосенсорной системы млекопитающих. Мы изучили распределение частот гаплотипов из шести ОНП гена TRPM8 в евразийских популяциях человека, включая русских, казахов и чукчей. Четыре из шести ОНП расположены в экзоне 7 (rs13004520, rs28901637, rs11562975, rs17868387), ОНП rs7593557 находится в экзоне 11. Эти экзоны кодируют фрагменты N-терминального домена, необходимого для функционирования канала в плазматической мембране афферентных нейронов. ОНП rs11563071 расположен в экзоне 23, кодирующем фрагмент С-терминального домена канала. Основное различие в популяционном распределении гаплотипов определяет ОНП из экзона 11, обусловливающий Ser419Asn замещение в белке. Контрастные различия в многообразии и частотах гаплотипов наблюдали между популяциями чукчей и русских. Частоты основного гаплотипа Н1, относящегося к 419Ser вариантам гена TRPM8, существенно различались в изученных популяциях: 0.738 у русских, 0.507 у казахов, 0.337 у чукчей (p &lt; 0.001). Для азиатских популяций характерны варианты гена TRPM8, кодирующие 419Asn и содержащие минорные аллели ОНП rs28901637 (P249P) и rs11562975 (L250L) в экзоне 7. Суммарная частота таких гаплотипов у русских составляет 0.032, по сравнению с 0.142 у казахов и 0.358 у чукчей (p &lt; 10–3 для обоих сравнений). Частота всех 419Asn вариантов у чукчей сопоставима с таковой африканцев, однако частота минорных аллелей rs28901637 и rs11562975 у африканцев низкая. По-видимому, в процессе колонизации человеком Евразии минорные аллели этих ОНП дивергировали в зависимости от структуры rs7593557 в экзоне 11. Нами проанализированы последовательности пяти изоформ мРНК гена TRPM8, выделенных исследователями из разных тканей. Показано, что они транскрибированы c основного варианта H1 гена TRPM8, но содержат различные старт-кодоны трансляции, генерированные альтернативным сплайсингом про-мРНК.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The TRPM8 gene encodes the ion channel, which is a cold receptor in afferent neurons of the mammalian somatosensory system. We studied the frequency of haplotype distribution from six SNPs in the TRPM8 gene in Eurasian human populations, including Russians, Kazakhs and Chukchi. Four of the six SNPs are located in exon 7 (rs13004520, rs28901637, rs11562975, rs17868387), rs7593557 is in exon 11. These exons encode parts of the N-terminus, which is necessary for channel functioning in the plasma membrane of neurons. The rs11563071 is in exon 23 encoding part of the C-terminus. The primary difference in population distribution of haplotypes determines the SNP from exon 11 which leads to Ser419Asn substitution in protein. The most pronounced dif­ferences in the patterns of diversity and frequencies of haplotypes were observed between Chukchi and Russians. The frequency of major H1 haplotype encompassing the 419Ser gene variant differs in examined populations; 0.738 (Russians), 0.507 (Kazakhs) and 0.337 (Chukchi), p &lt; 0.001. The TRPM8 gene variants encoding 419Asn and carrying the minor alleles of rs28901637 (P249P) and rs11562975 (L250L) in exon 7 are characteristic of Asian populations. The frequency of all 419Asn variants in Chukchi is comparable to that in Africans, however, the minor allele frequencies of rs28901637, rs11562975 in Africans is low. Apparently in the process of human colonization of Eurasia, minor alleles of these SNPs diverged depending on rs7593557 structure in exon 11. We analyzed sequences of five TRPM8 mRNA isoforms extracted by researchers from different tissues. Sequence analysis demonstrates that they are transcribed from major H1 variant of the TRPM8 gene but contain different translation start codons, which are generated by alternative splicing from pro-mRNA.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ген TRPM8</kwd><kwd>гаплотипы</kwd><kwd>евразийские популяции человека</kwd><kwd>альтернативные старт-кодоны</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>TRPM8 gene</kwd><kwd>haplotypes</kwd><kwd>Eurasian human populations</kwd><kwd>alternative start codons</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>Research supported by budget project No. 0324-2019-0041</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Babes A., Ciobanu A.C., Neacsu C., Babes R.-M. TRPM8, sensor for mild cooling in mammalian sensory nerve endings. Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. 2011;12:78-88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babes A., Ciobanu A.C., Neacsu C., Babes R.-M. TRPM8, sensor for mild cooling in mammalian sensory nerve endings. Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. 2011;12:78-88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bidaux G., Beck B., Zholos A., Gordienko D., Lemonnier L., Flourakis M., Roudbaraki M., Borowiec A.-S., Fernandez J., Delcourt P., Lepage G., Shuba Y., Skryma R., Prevarskaya N. Regulation of activity of transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channel by its short isoforms. J. Biol. Chem. 2012;280(5):2948-2962. DOI 10.1074/jbc.M111.270256.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bidaux G., Beck B., Zholos A., Gordienko D., Lemonnier L., Flourakis M., Roudbaraki M., Borowiec A.-S., Fernandez J., Delcourt P., Lepage G., Shuba Y., Skryma R., Prevarskaya N. Regulation of activity of transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channel by its short isoforms. J. Biol. Chem. 2012;280(5):2948-2962. DOI 10.1074/jbc.M111.270256.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bidaux G., Flourakis M., Thebault S., Zholos A., Beck B., Gkika D., Roudbaraki M., Bonnal J.-L., Mauroy B., Shuba Y., Skryma R., Prevarskaya N. Prostate cell differentiation status determines transient receptor potential melastatin member 8 channel subcellular localization and function. J. Clin. Invest. 2007;117:1647-1657. DOI 10.1172/JCI30168.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bidaux G., Flourakis M., Thebault S., Zholos A., Beck B., Gkika D., Roudbaraki M., Bonnal J.-L., Mauroy B., Shuba Y., Skryma R., Prevarskaya N. Prostate cell differentiation status determines transient receptor potential melastatin member 8 channel subcellular localization and function. J. Clin. Invest. 2007;117:1647-1657. DOI 10.1172/JCI30168.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kelemen O., Convertini P., Zhang Z., Wen Y., Shen M., Falaleeva M., Stamm S. Function of alternative splicing. Gene. 2013;514:1-30. DOI 10.1016/j.gene.2012.07.083.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kelemen O., Convertini P., Zhang Z., Wen Y., Shen M., Falaleeva M., Stamm S. Function of alternative splicing. Gene. 2013;514:1-30. DOI 10.1016/j.gene.2012.07.083.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кühn F.J.P., Winking M., Кühn C., Hoffman D.C., Lückhoff A. Surface expression and channel function of TRPM8 are cooperatively by transmembrane segments S3 and S4. Eur. J. Physiol. 2013;465: 1599-1610. DOI 10.1007/s00424-013-1302-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кühn F.J.P., Winking M., Кühn C., Hoffman D.C., Lückhoff A. Surface expression and channel function of TRPM8 are cooperatively by transmembrane segments S3 and S4. Eur. J. Physiol. 2013;465: 1599-1610. DOI 10.1007/s00424-013-1302-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Latorre R., Brauchi S., Madrid R., Orio P. A сool channel in cold transduction. Physiology. 2011;26:273-285. DOI 10.1152/physiol.00004.2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Latorre R., Brauchi S., Madrid R., Orio P. A сool channel in cold transduction. Physiology. 2011;26:273-285. DOI 10.1152/physiol.00004.2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lis A., Wissenbach U., Philipp S.E. Transcriptional regulation and processing increase the functional variability of TRPM channels. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 2005;371:315-324. DOI 10.1007/s00210-005-1050-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lis A., Wissenbach U., Philipp S.E. Transcriptional regulation and processing increase the functional variability of TRPM channels. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 2005;371:315-324. DOI 10.1007/s00210-005-1050-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahieu F., Owsianik G., Verbert L., Janssens A., Smedt Y.D., Nilius B., Voets T. TRPM8-independent mentol-induced Ca2+ realease from endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. J. Biol. Chem. 2007;282(5): 3325-3336. DOI 10.1074/jbc.M605213200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahieu F., Owsianik G., Verbert L., Janssens A., Smedt Y.D., Nilius B., Voets T. TRPM8-independent mentol-induced Ca2+ realease from endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. J. Biol. Chem. 2007;282(5): 3325-3336. DOI 10.1074/jbc.M605213200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Montes M., Becerra S., Sánchez-Álvares M., Suñé C. Functional coupling of transcription and splicing. Gene. 2012;501:104-117. DOI 10.1016/j.gene.2012.04.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Montes M., Becerra S., Sánchez-Álvares M., Suñé C. Functional coupling of transcription and splicing. Gene. 2012;501:104-117. DOI 10.1016/j.gene.2012.04.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pedretti A., Marconi C., Bettinelli I., Vistoli G. Comparative modeling of the quaternar structure for the human TRPM8 channel and analysis of its binding features. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2009;1788: 973-982. DOI 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.02.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pedretti A., Marconi C., Bettinelli I., Vistoli G. Comparative modeling of the quaternar structure for the human TRPM8 channel and analysis of its binding features. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2009;1788: 973-982. DOI 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.02.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pertusa M., Gonzales A., Hardy P., Madrid R., Viana F. Bidirectional modulation of thermal and chemical sensitivity of TRPM8 channel by the initial region of the N-terminal domain. J. Biol. Chem. 2014; 289:21828-21843. DOI 10.1074/jbc.M114.565994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pertusa M., Gonzales A., Hardy P., Madrid R., Viana F. Bidirectional modulation of thermal and chemical sensitivity of TRPM8 channel by the initial region of the N-terminal domain. J. Biol. Chem. 2014; 289:21828-21843. DOI 10.1074/jbc.M114.565994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Phelps C.B., Gaudet R. The role of the N terminus and transmembrane domain of TRPM8 in channel localization and tetramerization. J. Biol. Chem. 2007;282(50):36474-36480. DOI 10.1074/jbc.M707205200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Phelps C.B., Gaudet R. The role of the N terminus and transmembrane domain of TRPM8 in channel localization and tetramerization. J. Biol. Chem. 2007;282(50):36474-36480. DOI 10.1074/jbc.M707205200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Potapova T.A., Babenko V.N., Kobsev V.F., Romashenko A.G., Maksimov V.N., Voevoda М.I. Associations of cold receptor TRPM8 gene nucleotide polymorphisms with blood lipids and authropometric parameters in Russian population. Bul. Exp. Biol. Med. 2014;157(6): 757-761. DOI 10.1007/s10517-014-2660-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potapova T.A., Babenko V.N., Kobsev V.F., Romashenko A.G., Maksimov V.N., Voevoda М.I. Associations of cold receptor TRPM8 gene nucleotide polymorphisms with blood lipids and authropometric parameters in Russian population. Bul. Exp. Biol. Med. 2014;157(6): 757-761. DOI 10.1007/s10517-014-2660-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramsey S., Delling M., Clapham D.E. An introduction to TRP channels. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2006;68:619-647. DOI 1016/j.ceca.2007.04.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramsey S., Delling M., Clapham D.E. An introduction to TRP channels. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2006;68:619-647. DOI 1016/j.ceca.2007.04.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sabnis A.S., Shadid M., Yost G.S., Reilly C.A. Human lung epithelial cells express a functional cold-sensing TRPM8 variant. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2008;39:466-474. DOI 10.1165/rcmb.2007-0440OC.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sabnis A.S., Shadid M., Yost G.S., Reilly C.A. Human lung epithelial cells express a functional cold-sensing TRPM8 variant. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2008;39:466-474. DOI 10.1165/rcmb.2007-0440OC.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stewart J.R., Stringer C.B. Human evolution out of Africa: role of refugia and climate change. Science. 2012;335:1317-1321. DOI 10.1126/science.1215627.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stewart J.R., Stringer C.B. Human evolution out of Africa: role of refugia and climate change. Science. 2012;335:1317-1321. DOI 10.1126/science.1215627.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stoneking M., Delfin F. The human genetic history of East Asia: weaving a complex tapestry. Curr. Biol. 2010;20:R188-R193. DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.052.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stoneking M., Delfin F. The human genetic history of East Asia: weaving a complex tapestry. Curr. Biol. 2010;20:R188-R193. DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.052.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsavaler L., Shapero M.H., Morkowski S., Laus R. Trp-p8, a novel prostate-specific gene, is up-regulated in prostate cancer and other malignancies and shares high homology with transient receptor potential calcium channel proteins. Cancer Res. 2001;61:3760-3769.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsavaler L., Shapero M.H., Morkowski S., Laus R. Trp-p8, a novel prostate-specific gene, is up-regulated in prostate cancer and other malignancies and shares high homology with transient receptor potential calcium channel proteins. Cancer Res. 2001;61:3760-3769.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yee N.S. Role of TRPM8 ion channels in cancer: proliferation, survival and invasion. Cansers. 2015;7:2134-2146. DOI 10.3390/cancers7040882.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yee N.S. Role of TRPM8 ion channels in cancer: proliferation, survival and invasion. Cansers. 2015;7:2134-2146. DOI 10.3390/cancers7040882.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang L., Barritt G.J. TRPM8 in prostate cancer cells: a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker with a secretory function? Endocr. Relat. Cancer. 2006;13(1):27-38. DOI 10.1677/erc.1.01093.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang L., Barritt G.J. TRPM8 in prostate cancer cells: a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker with a secretory function? Endocr. Relat. Cancer. 2006;13(1):27-38. DOI 10.1677/erc.1.01093.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
