vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RASvavilov-25Research ArticleСтатьиArticlesПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МЕТОДА ГЕНОМНОЙ СЕЛЕКЦИИ НА ПШЕНИЦЕIMPLEMENTATION OF GENOME-WIDE SELECTION IN WHEATШармэЖ.CharmetG.gilles.charmet@clermont.inra.frСторлиЭ.StorlieE.gilles.charmet@clermont.inra.frНациональный институт сельскохозяйственных исследований (INRA) в Клермон-Ферране, Клермон-Ферран, ФранцияФранцияINRA-UMP, UMR Genetics, Diversity, Ecophysiology of Cereals, F63100 Clermont-Ferrand, FranceFrance2012091220141616168Copyright © Шармэ Ж., Сторли Э., 20142014Шармэ Ж., Сторли Э.Charmet G., Storlie E.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/25

Ввиду ожидаемой разработки тысяч молекулярных маркеров для большинства культур сместились акценты в теории MAS-селекции (маркер-опосредованной селекции) от маркирования определенных QTL (локусов количественных признаков) несколькими маркерами в сторону так называемой геномной селекции с помощью большого числа маркеров, покрывающих весь геном. Наборы маркеров, покрывающие геном, уже используются для анализа ассоциаций между полиморфизмами по маркерам и признаками (качественными или количественными). При этом обязательным является условие, чтобы ген (или QTL) находился в достаточном неравновесии по сцеплению (LD) с прилегающими к нему маркерами, используемыми для генотипирования. Величина LD варьирует от вида к виду и зависит от типа генетического материала. Так, сообщалось, что при анализе самоопыляющихся видов (особенно селекционных линий таких видов) величина LD составляет до 1 сМ и более. При таких условиях для предсказания селекционной ценности признака можно использовать маркеры, не прибегая к анализу локусов количественных признаков. Используя DArT-маркеры на селекционном материале INRA, мы демонстрируем пример применения метода геномной селекции в качестве альтернативы традиционному подходу, основанному на фенотипической оценке. В исследовании проводится оценка возможности использования различных моделей («GBLUP», «Ridge Regression BLUP», «Bayesian Ridge Regression» и «Lasso») для предсказания урожайности генотипов, оцененных в широкой сети испытательных участков с 2000 по 2009 гг. С учетом небольшого размера обучающей популяции в ходе перекрестной проверки получены удовлетворительные предсказательные коэффициенты.

With the expected development of thousands of molecular markers in most crops, the marker-assisted selection theory has recently shifted from the use of a few markers targeted in QTL regions (or derived from candidate or validated genes) to the use of many more markers covering the whole genome. These genome-wide markers are already used for association analysis between polymorphisms for anonymous markers and qualitative or quantitative traits. The condition for success is that a sufficient level of linkage disequilibrium (LD) exists between the adjacent markers used for genotyping and the true genes or QTLs. This LD is known to vary among species and type of genetic material. In selfing species, particularly among breeding lines, LD has been reported to range up to 1 cM or more. In such conditions, uncharacterized markers can be used to predict the breeding value of a trait without referring to actual QTLs. We present an example applying DArT markers to the INRA wheat breeding material in an attempt to implement whole genome selection as an alternative to phenotypic selection. This study assesses different models (GBLUP, Ridge Regression BLUP, Bayesian Ridge Regression and Lasso) and their ability to predict the yields of genotypes evaluated in a multi-site network from 2000 to 2009 in a highly unbalanced design. The prediction coefficients obtained by cross-validation techniques are encouraging, given the small size of the training population.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.