vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ20.607vavilov-2541Research ArticleГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И БИОКОЛЛЕКЦИИPLANT GENETICSДинамика генетического разнообразия сортов овса в Тюменской области по авенин-кодирующим локусамDynamics of the genetic diversity of oat varieties in the Tyumen region at avenin-coding locihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-9595ЛюбимоваА. В.LyubimovaA. V.

пос. Московский, Тюменский район,  Тюменская область;

Тюмень

Moskowsky village, Tyumen district, Tyumen region$

Tyumen

ostapenkoav88@yandex.ruТоболоваГ. В.TobolovaG. V.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3672-6060ЕреминД. И.EreminD. I.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9250-7225ЛоскутовИ. Г.LoskutovI. G.Научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства Северного Зауралья – филиал Федерального исследовательского центра Тюменского научного центра Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Государственный аграрный университет Северного ЗауральяРоссияScientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Northern Trans-Ural Region – Branch of the Tyumen Scientific Center of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural UniversityRussian FederationГосударственный аграрный университет Северного ЗауральяРоссияNorthern Trans-Ural State Agricultural UniversityRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian Federation202023042020242123130Copyright © Любимова А.В., Тоболова Г.В., Еремин Д.И., Лоскутов И.Г., 20202020Любимова А.В., Тоболова Г.В., Еремин Д.И., Лоскутов И.Г.Lyubimova A.V., Tobolova G.V., Eremin D.I., Loskutov I.G.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2541

Для анализа внутривидового генетического разнообразия сельскохозяйственных культур  применяются разнообразные молекулярные и биохимические маркеры. Высокой эффективностью при  оценке этого показателя обладают проламин-кодирующие локусы. На базе лаборатории сортовой идентификации семян Государственного аграрного университета Северного Зауралья в 2018–2019 гг. методом  электрофореза исследованы 18 сор тов овса посевного, включенных в Государственный реестр селекционных достижений по Тюменской области с 1930-х гг. до 2019 г. Целью работы было изучить динамику генетического разнообразия сортов по авенин-кодирующим локусам. Для анализа использовали по 100 зерновок каждого сорта. Электрофорез проводили в вертикальных пластинах 13.2 % полиакриламидного  геля при постоянном напряжении 500 В в течение 4.0–4.5 ч. Установлено, что 44.4 % сортов гетерогенны  и состоят из двух биотипов. Для трех локусов идентифицировано 20 аллелей, 10 из которых выявлены  впервые. Частота встречаемости аллелей авенин-кодирующих локусов изменялась с течением времени. Аллели, характерные для сортов иностранного происхождения, в процессе сортосмены заместились аллелями, присутствующими в отечественных сортах, а затем в сортах местных селекционных учреждений. Наибольшую час тоту встречаемости в сортах тюменской селекции имели аллели Avn A4(50.0  %),  A2 (25.0 %), Avn B4 (50.0 %), Bnew6(37.5 %), Avn C1(37.5 %), C2и C5(25.0 %). Эти аллели имеют большую  ценность как маркеры хозяйственно ценных и адаптивно значимых признаков. Величина генетического  разнообразия в сортах овса изменялась с течением времени от 0.33 в 1929–1950 гг. до 0.75 в 2019 г. Высокое значение генетического разнообразия в современных сортах селекции  Научно-исследовательского  института сельского хозяйства Северного Зауралья, а также увеличение этого показателя на протяжении  последних 20 лет связаны с использованием в селекционном процессе генетически разнородного исходного материала. Это позволило получить сорта, обладающие высоким адаптивным потенциалом в природно-климатических условиях данного региона.

Molecular and biochemical markers are used to analyze the intraspecific genetic diversity of crops.  Prolamincoding loci are highly effective for assessing this indicator. On the basis of the Laboratory of Varietal  Seed Identification of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, 18 varieties of common oat  included in the State Register of Selection Achievements in the Tyumen Region from the 1930s to 2019 were  studied by electrophoresis in 2018–2019. The aim of the work was to study the dynamics of the genetic diversity  of oat va rieties at avenin-coding loci. For the analysis, 100 grains of each variety were used. Electrophoresis was  carried out in vertical plates of 13.2 % polyacrylamide gel at a constant vol tage of 500 V for 4.0–4.5 h. It was found  that 44.4 % of the varieties are heterogeneous, each consisting of two biotypes. For three loci, 20 alleles were  identified, 10 of which were detected for the first time. The allele frequency of avenin-coding loci varied with  time. In the process of variety exchange, alleles that are characteristic of varieties of non-Russian origin were replaced by alleles present in domestic varieties and then in the varieties developed by local breeding institutions.  The following alleles had the highest frequency in Tyumen varieties: Avn A4(50.0 %), A2(25.0 %), Avn B4(50.0 %),  Bnew6(37.5 %), Avn C1(37.5 %), C2 and C5(25.0 %). These alleles are of great value as markers of agronomically  and adaptively important characters for the region in question. The amount of genetic diversity of oats varied  with time from 0.33 in 1929–1950 to up to 0.75 in 2019. The high value of genetic diversity in modern breeding  varieties of the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Northern Trans-Urals and an increase in this  indicator over the past 20 years are associated with the use of genetically heterogeneous source material in the  breeding process. This allowed obtaining varieties with high adaptive potentials in the natural climatic conditions of the region.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.