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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ20.610</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2546</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICROBIAL GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изменение кишечного микробиома пациентов с язвенным колитом после трансплантации кишечной микробиоты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fecal microbiome change in patients with ulcerative colitis after fecal microbiota transplantation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тикунов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikunov</surname><given-names>A. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Швалов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shvalov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>р. п. Кольцово,  Новосибирская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бардашева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bardasheva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шрайнер</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shrayner</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maksimova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волошина</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voloshina</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тикунова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikunova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">tikunova@niboch.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Rospotrebnadzor<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «Центр персонализированной медицины»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Limited liability company “Personalized Medicine Center”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>168</fpage><lpage>175</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тикунов А.Ю., Морозов В.В., Швалов А.Н., Бардашева А.В., Шрайнер Е.В., Максимова О.А., Волошина И.О., Морозова В.В., Власов В.В., Тикунова Н.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тикунов А.Ю., Морозов В.В., Швалов А.Н., Бардашева А.В., Шрайнер Е.В., Максимова О.А., Волошина И.О., Морозова В.В., Власов В.В., Тикунова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tikunov A.Y., Morozov V.V., Shvalov A.N., Bardasheva A.V., Shrayner E.V., Maksimova O.A., Voloshina I.O., Morozova V.V., Vlasov V.V., Tikunova N.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2546">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2546</self-uri><abstract><p>Микробиота кишечника человека – это динамическая система, находящаяся под воздействием организма хозяина и внешних факторов. Возникающие нарушения кишечной микробиоты могут привести к патологическим состояниям, включая воспалительные и онкологические заболевания желудочно-кишечного тракта. Одним из возможных способов воздействия на микробиоту кишечника является фекотрансплантация (ФТ) – введение кишечной микробиоты от здорового донора в кишечный тракт пациента. В настоящее время в ряде стран этот метод используется для нормализации микробиоты кишечника, в основном при хронических воспалительных заболеваниях кишечника. В России (Новосибирск) уже несколько лет ведутся пилотные исследования эффективности ФТ при язвенном колите. Цель данной работы – оценить изменение микробиома кишечника 20 пациентов с язвенным колитом после однократного проведения ФТ. Основной метод – сравнительный анализ библиотек последовательностей 16S рибосомальной РНК, созданных на основе образцов, полученных от пациентов с язвенным колитом до и после ФТ и секвенированных на платформе Illumina MiSeq. Результаты исследования показали, что ФТ привела к увеличению среднего биоразнообразия последовательностей в образцах, полученных после ФТ, по сравнению с образцами, собранными до ФТ, хотя разница не была статистически достоверной. Доля последовательностей Firmicutes, являющихся доминирующей компонентой кишечной микробиоты здоровых людей, уменьшилась (~32 % vs. &gt;70 %), а доля последовательностей Proteobacteria увеличилась (&gt;9 % vs. &lt;5 %). В некоторых образцах, собранных до ФТ, были обнаружены последовательности патогенных представителей Firmicutes и Proteobacteria, включая Acinetobacterspp., Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Stenotrophomonas maltophylia, Streptococcusspp.В большинстве случаев после ФТ доля таких последовательностей резко сократилась. Ис-ключение составили последовательности Clostridium difficile, содержание которых в образцах почти половины пациентов составляло менее 0.5 %; после ФТ доля последовательностей C. difficileзначительно уменьшилась лишь у трех пациентов. Следует отметить, что после ФТ повысилось на порядок содержание Lactobacillusspp.  и существенно расширился их видовой состав. По результатам исследования можно сделать предварительное заключение о том, что даже однократная процедура ФТ приводит к повышению биоразнообразия микробиоты пациентов и оптимизации ее таксономического состава.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Intestinal human microbiota is a dynamic system that is under the pressures of its host organism and external factors. Microbiota disruption caused by these factors can lead to severe diseases including inflammatory and oncological diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. One of the possible approaches in managing the intestinal microbiota is fecal microbiota transplantation (FT) – transfer of the microbiota from the stool of a healthy donor to the intestinal tract of a recipient patient. Currently, this procedure is recognized as an efficacious method to normalize the intestinal microbiota mainly in inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In Russia, pilot studies of the effectiveness of FT in patients with ulcerative colitis have been conducted for several years, and these studies were started in Novosibirsk. The aim of this study was to assess the change of intestinal microbiome in 20 patients with ulcerative colitis after a single FT procedure. The main method is a comparative analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA sequence libraries constructed using fecal samples obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis before and after FT and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The obtained results showed that FT led to an increase in average biodiversity in samples after FT compared to samples before FT; however, the difference was not significant. In the samples studied, the proportion of Firmicutes sequences, the major gastrointestinal microbiota of healthy people, was decreased (~32 % vs. &gt;70 %), while the proportion of Proteobacteria sequences was increased (&gt;9 % vs. &lt;5 %). In some samples collected before FT, sequences of pathogenic Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were detected, including Acinetobacter spp., Enterococcusspp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Stenotrophomonas maltophylia, Streptococcusspp. In most cases, the proportion of such sequences after FT substantially decreased in appropriate samples. The exception was the Clostridiumdifficilesequences, which accounted for &lt;0.5 % of the sequences in samples from almost half of the patients and after FT, the share of such C. difficilesequences was significantly reduced only in samples from three patients. It should be noted that the proportion of Lactobacillusspp. increased ten-fold and their species composition significantly expanded. According to the obtained results, a preliminary conclusion can be made that even a single FT procedure can lead to an increase in the biodiversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota in patients and to the optimization of the taxonomic composition of the microbiota.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микробиом</kwd><kwd>язвенный колит</kwd><kwd>16S рРНК профилирование</kwd><kwd>трансплантация кишечной микро-биоты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microbiome</kwd><kwd>ulcerative colitis</kwd><kwd>16S rRNA profiling</kwd><kwd>fecal microbiota transplantation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project 18-74-00082; and the Program of Basic Research for Governmental Academies of Sciences 2013-2020, project АААА-А17-117020210026-2</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aas J., Gessert C.E., Bakken J.S. 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