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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ20.611</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2547</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА ЖИВОТНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANIMAL GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современное состояние проблемы сохранения генетических ресурсов сельскохозяйственных птиц in vitro</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The current state of the problem of in vitrogene pool preservation in poultry</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-6373</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Силюкова</surname><given-names>Ю. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Silyukova</surname><given-names>Y. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkin, St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9504-3916</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Станишевская</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stanishevskaya</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkin, St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgastan@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0210-9344</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дементьева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dementieva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkin, St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных – филиал Федерального научного центра животноводства – ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. Эрнста<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding – Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>176</fpage><lpage>184</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Силюкова Ю.Л., Станишевская О.И., Дементьева Н.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Силюкова Ю.Л., Станишевская О.И., Дементьева Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Silyukova Y.L., Stanishevskaya O.I., Dementieva N.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2547">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2547</self-uri><abstract><p>Настоящий обзор представляет современные достижения и подходы по сохранению репродуктивных клеток животных in vitro, такие как криоконсервация и лиофилизация, а также эпигенетические  предпосылки для получения жизнеспособных сперматозоидов и женских гамет после реконсервации.  Криоконсервация – эффективный путь сохранения репродуктивных клеток различных видов сельскохо-зяйственных животных, включая птиц. Метод сохранения генофонда in vitroчерез поддержание в криоген-ных условиях клеток или тканей в основном направлен на восстановление исчезнувших пород/популяций, на поддержание генетического разнообразия в популяциях, подверженных генетическому дрейфу. Именно сочетание методов ex situ in vivoи ex situ in vitroможет сформировать основу эффективной стратегии сохранения генетического разнообразия животных. Кроме того, использование криконсервированного семени лучших представителей линии или породы позволяет ускорить прогресс селекции в промышленном птицеводстве. Несмотря на многочисленные достижения в области криобиологии половых клеток, продолжается поиск методов, обеспечивающих более эффективное восстановление жизнеспособности спермиев после криоконсервации. Механизмы, лежащие в основе влияния процедуры криоконсервации на параметры семени сельскохозяйственных птиц, полностью не изучены. В обзоре отражены результаты современных исследований в области проблематики криоконсервации женских и мужских половых клеток, эмбриональных клеток, поиска новых путей решения в области сохранения генетического разнообразия in vitro (разработка новых криопротекторных сред и новых технологий сохранения). Освещены молекуляр-но-генетические аспекты криоконсервации и механизмы влияния криоконсервации на эпигенетическое состояние клеток. Представлены данные по результатам исследований в области лиофильной сушки репродуктивных клеток самцов. Интерес к технологии лиофилизации семени как возможности более дешевого способа сохранения и транспортировки генетического материала диких и домашних животных, по сравнению с криоконсервацией, в мире стремительно растет; исследования ведутся в Японии, Израиле, Египте, Испании, Франции. Растет и интерес к использованию лиофилизированного семени в технологиях генной инженерии. Методы лиофильной сушки разрабатываются с учетом видовой принадлежности.  В обзоре предложены также организационно-правовые пути решения проблемы сохранения генетических ресурсов сельскохозяйственных животных, включая птиц, in vitro.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review presents the current progress in and approaches to in vitroconservation of reproductive cells of animals, including birds, such as cryopreservation and freeze-drying, as well as epigenetic conditions for re storing viable spermatozoa and female gametes after conservation. Cryopreservation is an effective way to preserve reproductive cells of various species of animals and birds. In vitrogene pool conservation is aimed primarily to the restoration of extinct breeds and populations and to the support of genetic diversity in populations prone to genetic drift. It is the combination of ex situ in vivoand ex situ in vitromethods that can form the basic principles of the strategy of animal genetic diversity preservation. Also, use of cryopreserved semen allows faster breeding in industrial poultry farming. Despite numerous advances in semen cryobiology, new methods that can more efficiently restore semen fertility after cryopreservation are being sought. The mechanisms underlying the effect of cryopreservation on the semen parameters of cocks are insufficiently understood. The review reflects the results of recent research in the field of cryopreservation of female and male germ cells, embryonic cells, the search for new ways in the field of genetic diversity in vitro (the development of new cryoprotective media and new conservation technologies: freeze-drying). Molecular aspects of cryopreservation and the mechanisms of cryopreservation influence on the epigenetic state of cells are highlighted. Data on the results of studies in the field of male reproductive cell lyophilization are presented. The freeze-drying of reproductive cells, as a technology for cheaper access to the genetic material of wild and domestic animals, compared to cryopreservation, attracts the attention of scientists in Japan, Israel, Egypt, Spain, and France. There is growing interest in the use of lyophilized semen in genetic engineering technologies. Methods of freeze-drying are developed taking into account the species of birds. Organizational and legal ways of solving the problems of in vitroconservation of genetic resources of farm animals, including birds, are proposed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>семя</kwd><kwd>сперматозоид</kwd><kwd>маркерные белки</kwd><kwd>криоконсервация</kwd><kwd>лиофилизация</kwd><kwd>птицеводство</kwd><kwd>сохранение генетических ресурсов</kwd><kwd>криобанк</kwd><kwd>криорезистентность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>semen</kwd><kwd>spermatozoa</kwd><kwd>marker proteins</kwd><kwd>cryopreservation</kwd><kwd>freeze-drying</kwd><kwd>poultry</kwd><kwd>gene pool preservation</kwd><kwd>cryobank</kwd><kwd>cryoresistance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project No. 19-16-00009</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmed M., Sattar A., Iqbal S., Shahzad Q., Zahid Tahir M., Hammad Fayyaz M., Ahmad M. 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