vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ20.44-ovavilov-2548Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВMICROBIAL GENETICSГеномика и протеомика возбудителя описторхоза Opisthorchis felineusGenomics and proteomics of the liver fluke Opisthorchis felineushttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6173-0774МордвиновВ. А.MordvinovV. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

mordvin@bionet.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3423-3497ЕршовН. И.ErshovN. I.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

ЗапаринаО. Г.ZaparinaO. G.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1054-2068ПахаруковаМ. Ю.PakharukovaM. Y.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

pmaria@yandex.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202024042020244383390Copyright © Мордвинов В.А., Ершов Н.И., Запарина О.Г., Пахарукова М.Ю., 20202020Мордвинов В.А., Ершов Н.И., Запарина О.Г., Пахарукова М.Ю.Mordvinov V.A., Ershov N.I., Zaparina O.G., Pakharukova M.Y.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2548

Возбудитель описторхоза, печеночный сосальщик Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) – один из наиболее распространенных видов гельминтов человека и животных на территории России. Вместе с близкородственными видами печеночных трематод O. viverrini (Poirier, 1886) и Clonorchis sinensis (Loos, 1907), ареалы которых расположены в Юго-Восточной Азии и на Дальнем Востоке, О. felineus составляет триаду эпидемиологически значимых трематод семейства Opisthorchiidae. Половозрелые особи (мариты) O. felineus паразитируют в гепатобилиарной системе теплокровных и при длительной инвазии провоцируют развитие тяжелых осложнений, включая малигнизацию эпителия желчных протоков. Высокая медицинская значимость O. felineus привлекает внимание исследователей, работающих в различных областях биологии и медицины. Так, в последнее время активно проводятся исследования молекулярной биологии этого представителя паразитических плоских червей. В настоящем обзоре кратко суммированы результаты исследований геномики и протеомики O. felineus, являющиеся, на наш взгляд, существенным вкладом в решение вопросов структурно-функциональной организации геномов многоклеточных паразитов со сложным жизненным циклом и изучение молекулярных механизмов взаимодействия паразит–хозяин. Приведены сравнительные данные по количеству генов и размерам ядерных геномов ряда плоских червей, распределению длин интронов, а также анализу синтении геномов описторхид O. felineus, O. viverrini и C. sinensis. Отдельное внимание уделено обсуждению особой формы процессинга РНК, известной как транс-сплайсинг, широко представленной в геноме O. felineus. В статье приводятся анализ литературных данных по генам системы метаболизма ксенобиотиков, сравнению представленности генов этой системы между различными видами паразитических и свободноживущих плоских червей и обзор литературы по наличию и уровню экспрессии генов гранулинов – потенциальных промоторов неоплазии холангиоцитов. Данные по геномике и протеомике O. felineus пополняют базу знаний, обеспечивающую исследование проблем эволюции трематод, патогенеза печеночных гельминтозов и гельминт-ассоциированного канцерогенеза.

The causative agent of opisthorchiasis, the liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) is one of the helminths of humans and animals in Russia. Together with closely related species of trematodes O. viverrini (Poirier, 1886) and Clonorchis sinensis (Loos, 1907), O. felineus is a part of a triad of epidemiologically important trematodes in the family Opisthorchiidae. Adult O. felineus worms infest the hepatobiliary system of warm-blooded animals and might provoke the development of severe pathologies, including malignancy of bile duct epithelium. The high medical importance of O. felineus attracts the attention of researchers. This review briefly summarizes the data about O. felineus genomics and proteomics. The review provides a comparative analysis of the number of genes and sizes of nuclear genomes of a number of flatworms, the distribution of intron lengths, as well as results of synteny between the O. felineus, O. viverrini and C. sinensis genomes. Special attention is paid to a particular form of RNA processing known as trans-splicing, widely presented in the opisthorchiid genomes. We also provide the results of a comparative analysis of the xenobiotic metabolizing system between parasitic and free-living flatworms. Moreover, data on parasitic granulins, which are potential promoters of cholangiocyte neoplasia, are also presented. Data on the O. felineus genomics and proteomics provide first insights into the structural and functional organization of the genome of this parasitic flatworm with a complex life cycle as well as provide a significant contribution to our understanding of “host-parasite” interaction and evolution of this group of parasitic flatworms.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.