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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ20.614</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2551</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА ЧЕЛОВЕКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HUMAN GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современная классификация и молекулярно-генетические  аспекты незавершенного остеогенеза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern classification and molecular-genetic aspects of osteogenesis imperfecta</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зарипова</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaripova</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">a.ramilna@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8643-850X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хусаинова</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khusainova</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт биохимии и генетики – обособленное структурное подразделение Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт биохимии и генетики – обособленное структурное подразделение Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наук;&#13;
Республиканский медико-генетический центр<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Republican Medical-Genetic Center<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>219</fpage><lpage>227</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зарипова А.Р., Хусаинова Р.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зарипова А.Р., Хусаинова Р.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zaripova A.R., Khusainova R.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2551">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2551</self-uri><abstract><p>Незавершенный остеогенез (несовершенный остеогенез в русскоязычной литературе) – наиболее распространенная наследственная форма ломкости костей, генетически и клинически гетерогенное заболевание с широким спектром клинической тяжести, основное клиническое проявление которого – множественные переломы начиная с натального периода жизни, зачастую приводящие к инвалидизации с детского возраста. К основным клиническим признакам незавершенного остеогенеза относятся голубые склеры, потеря слуха, аномалия дентина, повышенная ломкость костей, нарушение роста и осанки с развитием характерных инвалидизирующих деформаций костей и сопутствующих проблем, включающих дыхательные, неврологические, сердечные, почечные нарушения. Незавершенный остеогенез встречается и у мужчин, и у женщин, заболевание наследуется как по аутосомно-доминантному, так и аутосомно-рецессивному типам, существуют спорадические случаи заболевания, обусловленные мутациями de novo, а также обнаружены Х-сцепленные формы. Термин «незавершенный остеогенез» был введен W. Vrolick в 1840-х гг. Первая классификация заболевания сделана в 1979 г. и неоднократно пересматривалась из-за идентификации молекулярной причины заболевания и открытия новых механизмов развития незавершенного остеогенеза. В начале 1980-х гг. мутации в двух генах коллагена типа I (COL1A1и COL1A2) впервые были ассоциированы с аутосомно-доминантным типом наследования незавершенного остеогенеза. С тех пор идентифицированы еще 18 генов, продукты которых участвуют в процессах формирования и минерализации костной ткани. До сих пор не определена степень генетической гетерогенности заболевания, исследователи продолжают идентифицировать новые гены, вовлеченные в его патогенез, число которых достигло 20. В последнее десятилетие стало известно, что аутосомно-рецессивные, аутосомно-доминантные  и Х-связанные мутации в широком спектре генов, кодирующих белки, участвующие в синтезе коллагена  типа I, его процессинге, секреции и посттрансляционной модификации, а также в белках, регулирующих  дифференцировку и активность костеобразующих клеток, вызывают несовершенный остеогенез. Большое количество причинных генов усложнило классическую классификацию заболевания, и в связи с новыми достижениями в области молекулярных основ незавершенного остеогенеза постоянно совершенствуется и классификация. В этом обзоре мы систематизировали и обобщили информацию о результатах исследований в области изучения клинико-генетических аспектов незавершенного остеогенеза и отразили современное состояние классификационных критериев диагностики заболевания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Osteogenesis imperfecta (imperfect osteogenesis in the Russian literature) is the most common hereditary form of bone fragility, it is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disease with a wide range of clinical severity, often leading to disability from early childhood. It is based on genetic disorders leading to a violation of the structure of bone tissue, which leads to frequent fractures, impaired growth and posture, with the development of characteristic disabling bone deformities and associated problems, including respiratory, neurological, cardiac, renal impairment, hearing loss. Osteogenesis imperfecta occurs in both men and women, the disease is inherited in both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive types, there are sporadic cases of the disease due to de novomutations, as well as X-linked forms. The term “osteogenesis imperfecta” was coined by W. Vrolick in the 1840s. The first classification of the disease was made in 1979 and has been repeatedly reviewed due to the identification of the molecular cause of the disease and the discovery of new mechanisms for the development of osteogenesis imperfecta. In the early 1980s, mutations in two genes of collagen type I (COL1A1and COL1A2) were first associated with an autosomal dominant inheritance type of osteogenesis imperfecta. Since then, 18 more genes have been identified whose products are involved in the formation and mineralization of bone tissue.  The degree of genetic heterogeneity of the disease has not yet been determined, researchers continue to identify new genes involved in its pathogenesis, the number of which has reached 20. In the last decade, it has become  known that autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant and X-linked mutations in a wide range of genes, encoding  proteins that are involved in the synthesis of type I collagen, its processing, secretion and post-translational modification, as well as in proteins that regulate the differentiation and activity of bone-forming cells, cause imperfect  osteogenesis. A large number of causative genes complicated the classical classification of the disease and, due to new advances in the molecular basis of the disease, the classification of the disease is constantly being improved.  In this review, we systematized and summarized information on the results of studies in the field of clinical and genetic aspects of osteogenesis imperfecta and reflected the current state of the classification criteria for diagnosing the disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>незавершенный (несовершенный) остеогенез</kwd><kwd>коллаген</kwd><kwd>хрупкость костей</kwd><kwd>бисфосфонаты</kwd><kwd>множественные переломы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteogenesis imperfecta</kwd><kwd>collagen</kwd><kwd>bone fragility</kwd><kwd>bisphosphonates</kwd><kwd>multiple fractures</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asharani P.V., Keupp K., Semler O., Wang W., Li Y., Thiele H., Yigit G., Pohl E., Becker J., Frommolt P., Sonntag C., Altmüller J., Zimmermann K., Greenspan D.S., Akarsu N.A., Netzer C., Schönau E., Wirth R., Hammerschmidt M., Nürnberg P., Wollnik B., Carney T.J. 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