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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ20.620</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2595</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICROBIAL GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Концентрирование вирусов и электронная микроскопия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Concentration of viruses and electron microscopy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0276-9839</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Р. п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">idpetr@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6359-465X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцев</surname><given-names>Б. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitsev</surname><given-names>B. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Р. п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6746-8092</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таранов</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Taranov</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Р. п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector", Rospotrebnadzor<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>276</fpage><lpage>283</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петрова И.Д., Зайцев Б.Н., Таранов О.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петрова И.Д., Зайцев Б.Н., Таранов О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrova I.D., Zaitsev B.N., Taranov O.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2595">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2595</self-uri><abstract><p>Почти все смертельные вирусные вспышки в последние два десятилетия были вызваны вновь появляющимися вирусами. Для изучения вирусов часто используют электронную микроскопию (ЭМ). Она позволяет получить новые данные о структуре вирусных частиц с высоким разрешением, что представляет интерес как для фундаментальной вирусологии, так и для практической фармацевтической нанобиотехнологии. Кроме того, ЭМ применяется в экологических исследованиях для определения наличия вирусов в окружающей среде, при анализе технологических процессов для производства вакцин и других биотехнологических компонентов, а также в диагностических целях. Несмотря на развитие более чувствительных методов, электронная микроскопия в диагностике остается рабочим методом. Главное преимущество ЭМ - отсутствие специфичности к какой-либо определенной группе вирусов, что способствует работе с неизвестным материалом. Однако основное ограничение метода - относительно высокий предел обнаружения (107 частиц/мл), в связи с чем необходимо концентрировать вирусный материал. Не существует какого-то одного наиболее эффективного метода. В зависимости от самого вируса и поставленной цели используются различные комбинации методов и подходов. В настоящее время концентрирование вируса включает операции осаждения, центрифугирования, фильтрации и хроматографии. В обзоре на примере разных вирусов описаны эти основные методы. Существует необходимость в разработке эффективных методик элюирования, которые могут нарушить связь между фильтрующими материалами и вирусами, чтобы повысить степень восстановления. Рассмотрены работы по созданию уникальных ловушек, магнитных шариков, композитных полианилиновых и углеродных нанотрубок и нанотрубок с изменяемым размером для концентрирования вирусных частиц. Приведен пример применения центрифужных концентраторов, в которых вирус осаждается на мембране из поли-эфирсульфона. Проанализированные данные указывают на то, что способ концентрирования вирусов или других наночастиц выбирается в каждом конкретном случае в зависимости от поставленной цели и оснащенности лаборатории.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nearly all lethal viral outbreaks in the past two decades were caused by newly emerging viruses. Viruses are often studied by electron microscopy (EM), which provides new high-resolution data on the structure of viral particles relevant to both fundamental virology and practical pharmaceutical nanobiotechnology. Electron microscopy is also applied to ecological studies to detect viruses in the environment, to analysis of technological processes in the production of vaccines and other biotechnological components, and to diagnostics. Despite the advances in more sensitive methods, electron microscopy is still in active use for diagnostics. The main advantage of EM is the lack of specificity to any group of viruses, which allows working with unknown materials. However, the main limitation of the method is the relatively high detection limit (107 particles/mL), requiring viral material to be concentrated. There is no most effective universal method to concentrate viruses. Various combinations of methods and approaches are used depending on the virus and the goal. A modern virus concentration protocol involves precipitation, centrifugation, filtration, and chromatography. Here we describe the main concentrating techniques exemplified for different viruses. Effective elution techniques are required to disrupt the bonds between filter media and viruses in order to increase recovery. The paper reviews studies on unique traps, magnetic beads, and composite polyaniline and carbon nanotubes, including those of changeable size to concentrate viral particles. It also describes centrifugal concentrators to concentrate viruses on a polyethersulfone membrane. Our review suggests that the method to concentrate viruses and other nanoparticles should be chosen with regard to objectives of the study and the equipment status of the laboratory.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>концентрирование вирусов</kwd><kwd>электронная микроскопия</kwd><kwd>очистка вирусов</kwd><kwd>выявление вирусов</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>virus concentration</kwd><kwd>electron microscopy</kwd><kwd>virus purification</kwd><kwd>virus detection</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was performed as part of the Government Assignment GZ-7/18 for the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector” Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abbaszadegan M., Alum A., Abbaszadegan H., Stout V Cell surface display of poliovirus receptor on Escherichia coli, a novel method for concentrating viral particles in water. 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