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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ20.622</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2597</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И БИОКОЛЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETIC RESOURCES AND BIOCOLLECTIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетические ресурсы растений индии:  контроль и использование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant genetic resources in India: management and utilization</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сингх</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Singh</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нью-Дели</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>New Delhi</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Kuldeep.Singh4@icar.gov.in</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гупта</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gupta</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нью-Дели</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>New Delhi</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тьяги</surname><given-names>В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyagi</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нью-Дели</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>New Delhi</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раджкумар</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rajkumar</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нью-Дели</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>New Delhi</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальное бюро генетических ресурсов растений Индийского совета по сельскохозяйственным исследованиям, кампус Пуса<country>Индия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa Campus<country>India</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>306</fpage><lpage>314</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сингх К., Гупта К., Тьяги В., Раджкумар С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сингх К., Гупта К., Тьяги В., Раджкумар С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Singh K., Gupta K., Tyagi V., Rajkumar S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2597">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2597</self-uri><abstract><p>Генетические ресурсы растений - основа сельского хозяйства и главный фактор, определяющий качество потребляемой пищи. В Индии на национальном уровне этой проблемой занимается Национальное бюро генетических ресурсов растений (NBPGR), действующее под эгидой Индийского совета по сельскохозяйственным исследованиям (ICAR), со штаб-квартирой в Нью-Дели. Обладая богатыми растительными ресурсами, Индия должна учитывать интересы безопасности своего природного наследия при выработке даже самых выгодных стратегий обмена генетическим материалом со своими международными партнерами. В задачи Бюро входят исследование, сбор, обмен, описание, оценка, сохранение и учет генетических ресурсов растений, а также обеспечение карантинных мер для всего ввозимого из-за рубежа материала, включая трансгенные растения, предназначенные для исследовательских целей. Бюро и десять его региональных отделений, расположенных в разных агроклиматических зонах страны, осуществляют деятельность в нескольких направлениях. Поддерживают связи с международными организациями, входящими в состав Консультативной группы по международным сельскохозяйственным исследованиям (CGIAR), и национальными институтами, занимающимися проблемами сельскохозяйственных культур. Образцы генофонда из самых разных источников пополняют генбанк, где проводится их описание и оценка по заданным признакам. На основе этого материала выводятся сорта сельскохозяйственных культур. Существующий при Бюро Национальный генетический банк (National Genebank Network) насчитывает более 400 тысяч образцов. Бюро работает в сервисном режиме, обеспечивая эффективное использование генетических ресурсов растений в программах улучшения сельскохозяйственных культур, что стало возможным во многом благодаря последовательному подходу к описанию и оценке этих ресурсов, а также отбору потенциально полезного генетического материала. Другими задачами являются определение генотипов с теми или иными признаками, специфичными к изменению климата, а также отбор перспективного материала, обладающего устойчивостью к заболеваниям и признаками качества, на которые ориентируются селекционеры при работе над улучшением сельскохозяйственных культур. Действующая таким образом система сыграла важнейшую роль в выработке столь необходимого стране баланса в отношении генетических ресурсов растений: интродукция ценного экзотического генофонда в целях интенсификации производства сельскохозяйственной продукции ведется без ущерба для местных ресурсов. В настоящее время основными направлениями работы являются: описание генетического материала, сохраненного путем консервации ex situ, и всесторонняя оценка приоритетных сельскохозяйственных культур для более эффективного их использования; оценка влияния различных методов мелиорации земель на генетическое разнообразие; полногеномное ассоциативное картирование с целью выявления ранее неизвестных генов и аллелей для более эффективного использования генетических ресурсов растений; отбор генетического материала и/или местных разновидностей и определение оптимальных районов выращивания на основе аналоговых данных наблюдений за климатом; проверка соответствия интродуцированного генетического материала заданным критериям.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Plant genetic resources (PGR) are the foundation of agriculture as well as food and nutritional security. The ICAR-NBPGR is the nodal institution at national level for management of PGR in India under the umbrella of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi. India being one of the gene-rich countries faces a unique challenge of protecting its natural heritage while evolving mutually beneficial strategies for germplasm exchange with other countries. The Bureaus activities include PGR exploration, collection, exchange, characterization, evaluation, conservation and documentation. It also has the responsibility to carry out quarantine of all imported PGR including transgenics meant for research purposes. The multifarious activities are carried out from ICAR-NBPGR headquarters and its 10 regional stations located in different agro-climatic zones of India. It has linkages with international organizations of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and national crop-based institutes to accomplish its mandated activities. NBPGR collects and acquires germplasm from various sources, conserves it in the Genebank, characterizes and evaluates it for different traits and provides ready material for breeders to develop varieties for farmers. ICAR-NBPGR encompasses the National Genebank Network and at present, the National Genebank conserves more than 0.40 million accessions. NBPGR works in service-mode for effective utilization of PGR in crop improvement programmes which depends mainly on its systematic characterization and evaluation, and identification of potentially useful germplasm. NBPGR is responsible for identifying trait-specific pre-adapted climate resilient genotypes, promising material with disease resistance and quality traits which the breeders use for various crop improvement programmes. The system has contributed immensely towards safeguarding the indigenous and introducing useful exotic PGR for enhancing the agricultural production. Presently, our focus is on characterization of ex situ conserved germplasm and detailed evaluation of prioritized crops for enhanced utilization; assessment of impact of on-farm conservation practices on genetic diversity; genome-wide association mapping for identification of novel genes and alleles for enhanced utilization of PGR; identification and deployment of germplasm/landraces using climate analog data; validation of trait-specific introduced germplasm for enhanced utilization.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генетические ресурсы растений</kwd><kwd>генетические банки</kwd><kwd>дикорастущие родственники культурных растений</kwd><kwd>биотический и абиотический стресс</kwd><kwd>отбор с помощью маркеров</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>plant genetic resources</kwd><kwd>gene banks</kwd><kwd>wild relatives</kwd><kwd>biotic and abiotic stresses</kwd><kwd>marker-assisted selection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Archak S., Agrawal R.C. 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