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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ20.623</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2598</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И БИОКОЛЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETIC RESOURCES AND BIOCOLLECTIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Коллекция ризосферных микроорганизмов: значение для исследования растительно-бактериальной ассоциативности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Collection of Rhizosphere Microorganisms: its importance for the study of associative plant-bacterium interactions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-4046</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Турковская</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turkovskaya</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saratov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">turkovskaya_o@ibppm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0021-4936</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saratov</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт биохимии и физиологии растений и микроорганизмов, Российская академия наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>315</fpage><lpage>324</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Турковская О.В., Голубев С.Н., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Турковская О.В., Голубев С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Turkovskaya O.V., Golubev S.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2598">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2598</self-uri><abstract><p>Коллекции микроорганизмов - один из важнейших компонентов биологической науки, который обеспечивает исследователей необходимым материалом и сохраняет биологические ресурсы. Таковой является Коллекция ризосферных микроорганизмов Института биохимии и физиологии растений и микроорганизмов Российской академии наук (ИБФРМ РАН), деятельность которой сосредоточена в первую очередь на выделении и сохранении микроорганизмов, выделенных из корневой зоны растений. Интерес мировой науки к микроорганизмам этой экологической ниши не ослабевает по причине их большой значимости для роста и развития растений и, следовательно, для растениеводства. Группа бактерий, обладающих полезными для растений свойствами, получила название PGPR (plant growth promoting rhizo-bacteria - стимулирующие рост растений ризобактерии). К ним относятся и почвенные азотфиксирующие альфа-протеобактерии рода Azospirillum, составляющие ядро вышеназванной коллекции. Азоспириллы, открытые в 70-х гг. прошлого века бразильскими учеными, в настоящее время являются признанными во всем мире модельными объектами для изучения молекулярных механизмов растительно-микробных взаимодействий. Фиксация атмосферного азота, продукция фитогормонов, солюбилизация фосфатов, контроль патогенов, формирование у растений индуцированной системной устойчивости - целый комплекс полезных свойств делает их универсальным инструментом для фундаментальных исследований и практического применения. В обзоре обсуждается современное состояние исследований по бактериям рода Azospirillum с акцентом на результатах, полученных коллективом ИБФРМ РАН (г. Саратов). Экспедиции по Саратовской области, проведенные микробиологами института в начале 1980-х гг., заложили основу уникального собрания представителей этого бактериального таксона, которое сегодня включает более 160 штаммов и считается одним из самых крупных в Европе. Исследования сотрудников ИБФРМ РАН преимущественно сосредоточены на структурах азоспирилл, вовлеченных в образование ассоциативного симбиоза с растениями. Прежде всего это внеклеточные полисахаридсодержащие комплексы и лектины. Развитие методов иммунохимии во многом позволило выяснить, как в целом организована поверхность бактерий. Благодаря изучению генома азоспирилл существенно углубилось понимание роли вышеупомянутых структур, а также подвижности бактерий и формирования ими биопленок при заселении корней. В прикладном аспекте заслуживают внимания исследования азоспирилл, направленные на развитие агро- и экотехнологий, а также технологии «зеленого» синтеза наночастиц золота, серебра и селена. Коллекция продолжает развиваться, пополняясь новыми штаммами, показывая большое значение специализированных собраний микроорганизмов для создания и поддержания исследовательской базы и эффективного решения фундаментальных и прикладных задач микробиологии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Microbial culture collections are very important components of biological science. They provide researchers with material for studies and preserve biological resources. One such collection is the Collection of Rhizosphere Microorganisms, kept at the Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov (IBPPM). Its activity is primarily directed toward the isolation and preservation of microorganisms from the plant root zone. The international research interest in microorganisms from this ecological niche is not waning, because they are very important for plant growth and development and, consequently, for plant breeding. The group of bacteria with properties of significance for plants has been given the name "plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria” (PGPR). This group includes nitrogen-fixing soil alpha-proteobacte-ria of the genus Azospirillum, which form the core of the IBPPM collection. First discovered by Brazilian scientists in the 1970s, azospirilla are now a universally recognized model object for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying plant-bacterium interactions. The broad range of useful properties found in these microorganisms, including the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, production of phytohormones, solubilization of phosphates, control of pathogens, and formation of induced systemic resistance in the colonized plants, make these bacteria an all-purpose tool that has been used for several decades in basic and applied research. This article reviews the current state of Azospirillum research, with emphasis on the results obtained at the IBPPM. Scientific expeditions across the Saratov region undertaken by IBPPM microbiologists in the early 1980s formed the basis for the unique collection of members of this bacterial taxon. Currently, the collection has more than 160 Azospirillum strains and is one of the largest collections in Europe. The research conducted at the IBPPM is centered mostly on the Azospirillum structures involved in associative symbiosis with plants, primarily extracellular polysaccharide-containing complexes and lectins. The development of immunochemical methods contributed much to our understanding of the overall organization of the surface of rhizosphere bacteria. The extensive studies of the Azospirillum genome largely deepened our understanding of the role of the aforesaid bacterial structures, motility, and biofilms in the colonization of host plant roots. Of interest are also applied studies focusing on agricultural and environmental technologies and on the "green” synthesis of Au, Ag, and Se nanoparticles. The Collection of Rhizosphere Microorganisms continues to grow, being continually supplemented with newly isolated strains. The data presented in this article show the great importance of specialized microbial culture repositories, such as the IBPPM collection, for the development and maintenance of the microbial research base and for the effective solution of basic and applied tasks in microbiology.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коллекция микроорганизмов</kwd><kwd>Azospirillum</kwd><kwd>ризосфера</kwd><kwd>стимулирующие рост растений ризобактерии</kwd><kwd>ассоциативный симбиоз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microbial culture collection</kwd><kwd>Azospirillum</kwd><kwd>rhizosphere</kwd><kwd>plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria</kwd><kwd>associative symbiosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was supported in part by FP7 Banking Rhizosphere Micro-Organisms (project BRIO 266106), a European-Russian initiative to set up a network of rhizosphere microbiological resource centers</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alen’kina S.A., Bogatyrev VA., Matora L.Yu., Sokolova M.K., Chernysheva M.P., Trutneva K.A., Nikitina V.E. 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