vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ20.626vavilov-2642Research ArticleАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ГЕНЕТИКИ РАСТЕНИЙMAINSTREAM TECHNOLOGIES IN PLANT GENETICSАнализ цветовых и текстурных характеристик зерен злаков на цифровых изображенияхAnalysis of color and texture characteristics of cereals on digital imagesКомышевЕ. Г.KomyshevE. G.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

komyshev@bionet.nsc.ruГенаевМ. А.GenaevM. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9738-1409АфонниковД. А.AfonnikovD. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Курчатовский геномный центр Федерального исследовательского центра Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Курчатовский геномный центр Федерального исследовательского центра Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университетРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State UniversityRussian Federation202002072020244340347Copyright © Комышев Е.Г., Генаев М.А., Афонников Д.А., 20202020Комышев Е.Г., Генаев М.А., Афонников Д.А.Komyshev E.G., Genaev M.A., Afonnikov D.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2642

Цвет оболочки зерен злаков – важный признак, характеризующий содержащиеся в ней пигменты и метаболиты. Оболочка зерна служит основным барьером между зерном и внешней средой, поэтому с ее характеристиками связан ряд важных биологических функций: поглощение влаги, жизнеспособность зерна, устойчивость к предуборочному прорастанию. Наличие пигментов в оболочке влияет на различные технологические свойства зерна. Цветовые характеристики, как и внешний вид оболочки зерна, – важный индикатор заболеваний растений. Цвет зерна давно используется в систематике пшеницы для описания ее ботанических разновидностей, и для некоторых систем это одна из основных характеристик. Генетический контроль формирования окраски зерен и других органов растений осуществляется генами, кодирующими ферменты, вовлеченные в биосинтез пигментов, и регуляторными генами. Для ряда пигментов эти гены исследованы достаточно хорошо, однако для некоторых пигментов, например меланина, обусловливающего черную окраску зерен у ячменя, молекулярные механизмы биосинтеза еще слабо изучены. При исследовании механизмов генетического контроля окраски зерен селекционеры и генетики постоянно сталкиваются с необходимостью оценки цветовых характеристик их оболочки. К техническим средствам решения этой задачи относятся спектрофотометры, спектрометры, гиперспектральные камеры. Однако эти камеры дорогостоящие, в особенности с высоким разрешением, как пространственным, так и спектральным. Альтернативой является использование цифровых фотокамер, позволяющих получать высококачественные изображения с высоким пространственным и цветовым разрешением. В связи с этим в последнее время в области фенотипирования растений интенсивно развиваются методы оценки цветовых и текстурных характеристик зерен злаков, основанные на анализе двумерных изображений, полученных цифровыми камерами. Данный мини-обзор посвящен основным задачам, связанным с анализом цветовых и текстурных характеристик зерен злаков, методам их описания на основе цифровых изображений.

The color of the grain shell of cereals is an important feature that characterizes the pigments and metabolites contained in it. The grain shell is the main barrier between the grain and the environment, so its characteristics are associated with a number of important biological functions: moisture absorption, grain viability, resistance to pre-harvest germination. The presence of pigments in the shell affects various technological properties of the grain. Color characteristics, as well as the appearance of the grain shell are an important indicator of plant diseases. In addition, the color of the grains serves as a classifying feature of plants. Genetic control of the color formation of both grains and other plant organs is exerted by genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of pigments, as well as regulatory genes. For a number of pigments, these genes are well understood, but for some pigments, such as melanin, which causes the black color of grains in barley, the molecular mechanisms of biosynthesis are still poorly understood. When studying the mechanisms of genetic control of grain color, breeders and geneticists are constantly faced with the need to assess the color characteristics of their shell. The technical means of addressing this problem include spectrophotometers, spectrometers, hyperspectral cameras. However, these cameras are expensive, especially with high resolution, both spatial and spectral. An alternative is to use digital cameras that allow you to get high-quality images with high spatial and color resolution. In this regard, recently, in the field of plant phenotyping, methods for evaluating the color and texture characteristics of cereals based on the analysis of two-dimensional images obtained by digital cameras have been intensively developed. This mini-review is devoted to the main tasks related to the analysis of color and texture characteristics of cereals, and to methods of their description based on digital images.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.