vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ20.627vavilov-2643Research ArticleАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ГЕНЕТИКИ РАСТЕНИЙMAINSTREAM TECHNOLOGIES IN PLANT GENETICSNGS-секвенирование в селекционно-генетических исследованиях ячменяNGS sequencing in barley breeding and genetic studiesРозановаИ. В.RozanovaI. V.

Санкт-ПетербургНовосибирск

St. PetersburgNovosibirsk

i.rozanova@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-8254ХлесткинаЕ. К.KhlestkinaE. K.

Санкт-ПетербургНовосибирск

St. PetersburgNovosibirsk

Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР); Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR); Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202002072020244348355Copyright © Розанова И.В., Хлесткина Е.К., 20202020Розанова И.В., Хлесткина Е.К.Rozanova I.V., Khlestkina E.K.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2643

Ячмень (Hordeum vulgare L.) – один из важнейших видов злаковых растений, используемых в качестве продовольственной и кормовой культуры, а также для пивоварения и производства спирта. В конце прошлого столетия к традиционным методам селекции прибавились методы, основанные на применении ДНКмаркеров. Молекулярные маркеры также активно вовлекаются в процессы молекулярно-генетического картирования и анализа QTL (quantitative trait loci). В 2012 г. было завершено секвенирование генома ячменя, что выявило целый спектр новых возможностей – от более эффективного поиска генов-кандидатов хозяйственно ценных признаков до геномной селекции. В обзоре обобщены результаты работ периода после секвенирования генома ячменя, открывшего новые направления генетики и селекции этой культуры с применением высокопроизводительных методов секвенирования и генотипирования. В рассматриваемый период ведутся интенсивные исследования по идентификации геномных локусов ячменя, ассоциированных с хозяйственно ценными признаками, появились и пополняются ресурсы для работы с геномными данными ячменя и для их депонирования. В последние годы для массового поиска ассоциаций между фенотипом и генотипом используется анализ GWAS (genome wide association studies), широкое применение которого на ячмене стало возможным с 2010 г. благодаря разработанным SNP-чипам, а также методам генотипирования, основанным на прямом NGS-секвенировании (next generation sequencing) выборочных фракций генома. К настоящему времени опубликовано более 80 работ, описывающих результаты GWAS-анализа на ячмене. Идентификация SNP, ассоциированных с хозяйственно ценными признаками, и их преобразование в удобные для скрининга селекционного материала CAPS или KASP-маркеры существенно расширяют возможности маркер-ориентированной селекции ячменя. Кроме того, имеющаяся информация о потенциальных генах-мишенях и качество полногеномной последовательности ячменя представляют достаточную базу для применения технологий геномного редактирования с целью создания исходного материала для селекции сортов с заданными свойствами.

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the one of the most important cereal species used as food and feed crops, as well as for malting and alcohol production. At the end of the last century, traditional breeding techniques were complemented by the use of DNA markers. Molecular markers have also been used extensively for molecular genetic mapping and QTL analysis. In 2012, the barley genome sequencing was completed, which provided a broad range of new opportunities – from a more efficient search for candidate genes controlling economically important traits to genomic selection. The review summarizes the results of the studies performed after barley genome sequencing, which discovered new areas of barley genetics and breeding with high throughput screening and genotyping methods. During this period, intensive studies aimed at identification of barley genomic loci associated with economically important traits have been carried out; online databases and tools for working with barley genomic data and their deposition have appeared and are being replenished. In recent years, GWAS analysis has been used for large-scale phenotypegenotype association studies, which has been widely used in barley since 2010 due to the developed SNP-arrays, as well as genotyping methods based on direct NGS sequencing of selected fractions of the genome. To date, more than 80 papers have been published that describe the results of the GWAS analysis in barley. SNP identification associated with economically important traits and their transformation into CAPS or KASP markers convenient for screening selection material significantly expands the possibilities of marker-assisted selection of barley. In addition, the currently available information on potential target genes and the quality of the whole barley genome sequence provides a good base for applying genome editing technologies to create material for the creation of varieties with desired properties.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.