vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ20.629vavilov-2645Research ArticleАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ БИОТЕХНОЛОГИИPLANT BREEDINGУстойчивость к возбудителям фитофтороза и глободероза современного сортимента семенного картофеля и его фитосанитарное состояние в различных агроклиматических зонах европейской части РоссииResistance to causal agents of late blight and golden potato nematode of the modern cultivars of seed potatoes and their phytosanitary status in various agroclimatic zones of the European part of RussiaХюттиА. В.KhiuttiA. V.

г. Пушкин, Санкт-ПетербургНовосибирск

Pushkin, St. PetersburgNovosibirsk

khiutti@mail.ruРыбаковД. А.RybakovD. A.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2605-6569ГавриленкоТ. А.GavrilenkoT. A.

Санкт-ПетербургНовосибирск

St. PetersburgNovosibirsk

АфанасенкоО. С.AfanasenkoO. S.

г. Пушкин, Санкт-ПетербургНовосибирск

Pushkin, St. PetersburgNovosibirsk

Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растений; Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияAll-Russian Institute of Plant Protection; Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР); Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR); Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202002072020244363375Copyright © Хютти А.В., Рыбаков Д.А., Гавриленко Т.А., Афанасенко О.С., 20202020Хютти А.В., Рыбаков Д.А., Гавриленко Т.А., Афанасенко О.С.Khiutti A.V., Rybakov D.A., Gavrilenko T.A., Afanasenko O.S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2645

Активная экспансия зарубежных сортов картофеля на территорию Российской Федерации привела к смене доминирующих видов патогенов этой культуры и появлению новых патотипов возбудителей вредоносных болезней. Целью работы была оценка устойчивости к возбудителям фитофтороза и глободероза современного сортимента картофеля и определение поражаемости возделываемых сортов картофеля грибными и оомицетными болезнями в различных агроклиматических зонах России. Проведена оценка устойчивости 41 сорта зарубежной селекции, разрешенного к использованию на территории РФ, к патотипу Ro1 Globodera rostochiensis и к изоляту VZR17 Phytophthora infestans, включающего гены вирулентности 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11. Устойчивыми к золотистой картофельной нематоде оказались 38 сортов. У 96.6 % изученных нематодоустойчивых сортов выявлен маркер гена Н1 устойчивости к патотипу Ro1 G. rostochiensis, восприимчивые сорта этим маркером не обладали. Абсолютной устойчивостью к возбудителю фитофтороза отличались сорта Alouette и Sarpo Mira (балл 9); высоким уровнем устойчивости (баллы 6 и 7) характеризовались сорта Evolution, Red Fantasy и Ricarda. Сорта Baltic Rose, Damaris, Desiree, Gala, Labella, Laperla, Mia, Sanibel, Zekura, Queen Anne, Red Lady и 7 for 7 были отнесены к восприимчивым, хотя в характеристиках оригинаторов указана средняя устойчивость к фитофторозу. Фитопатологическая экспертиза проведена для 92 образцов 39 сортов семенного картофеля из четырех федеральных округов РФ: Приволжского, Северо-Западного, Центрального и Северо-Кавказского. Наибольшее распространение на всех сортах получили ризоктониоз, сухая фузариозная гниль и серебристая парша. Стопроцентное поражение клубней серебристой паршой отмечено в различных регионах на сортах элитных репродукций Red Scarlett, Evolution, Labella, Colombo, Gala, Невский. Широко распространен антракноз картофеля; сильнее всего были поражены клубни элитной и второй репродукции сорта Red Scarlett – от 50.0 до 71.4 % в Центральном федеральном округе.

The active expansion of foreign potato cultivars on the territory of the Russian Federation has led to a change in the dominant pathogen species and to the emergence of new pathotypes of causal agents of harmful potato diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate resistance to Phytophthora infestans and Globodera rostochiensis of modern potato cultivars and determine the distribution of fungal and oomycetic diseases on potato cultivars in various agroclimatic zones of Russia. The resistance of 41 foreign cultivars was evaluated to pathotype Ro1 G. rostochiensis and to isolate VZR17 P. infestans with virulence genes 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11. Resistant to G. rostochiensis were 38 cultivars. 57R marker of the H1 gene conferring resistance to the Ro1 pathotype of G. rostochiensis was detected in 96.6 % of the nematode resistant cultivars studied; susceptible varieties did not possess this marker. Absolute resistance to the causative agent of late blight was demonstrated by the cultivars Alouette and Sarpo Mira (score 9); high levels of resistance (score 6 and 7) were determined for the cultivars Evolution, Red Fantasy and Ricarda. The cultivars Baltic Rose, Damaris, Desiree, Gala, Labella, Laperla, Mia, Sanibel, Zekura, Queen Anne, Red Lady and ‘7 for 7’ were classified as susceptible, although the characteristics of originators indicated average resistance to late blight. A phytopathological test was conducted on 92 samples of 39 varieties of seed potatoes from four federal districts of the Russian Federation: Volga, NorthWest, Central and North Caucasus. Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium spp. and Helminthosporium solani are most common on all varieties. 100 % defeat of tubers by H. solani was recorded in various regions on the cultivars Red Scarlett, Evolution, Labella, Colombo, Gala and Nevsky. Widespread Colletotrichum coccodes on tubers of the elite and 2nd reproductions of the potato cultivar Red Scarlett (50.0–71.4 %) was recorded in the Central District.

распространенность болезней картофеляPhytophthora infestansGlobodera rostochiensisсеребристая паршаантракнозсорта картофеляустойчивостьДНК-маркерыdistribution of potato diseasesPhytophthora infestansGlobodera rostochiensispotato cultivarsresistance to diseasesHelminthosporium solaniColletotrichum coccodesDNA markersThis work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project 16-16-04073. The authors are grateful to the staff of the Avgust Company, Head of the Department of Product Development D.A. Belov, manager for key clients A.P. Osoblivyy, and the Executive Manager of the Ustyuzhenskiy Kartofel Association A.A. Kuznetsov.ReferencesАлехин В.Т., Михайликова В.В., Михина Н.Г. Экономические пороги вредоносности вредителей, болезней и сорных растений в посевах сельскохозяйственных культур. М.: Росинформагротех, 2016.Alekhin V.T., Mikhaylikova V.V., Mikhina N.G. Economic Harmfulness Thresholds of Pests, Diseases, and Weeds in Crop Fields. Moscow: Rosinformagrotekh Publ., 2016. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.