References

vavilov

Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding

2500-3259

Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS

10.18699/VJ20.47-o

vavilov-2705

Research Article

ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И БИОКОЛЛЕКЦИИ

PLANT GENETICS

Молекулярно-генетические основы устойчивости семян к окислительному стрессу при хранении

Molecular genetic bases of seed resistance to oxidative stress during storage

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1958-5008

Швачко

Н. А.

Shvachko

N. A.

n.shvachko@vir.nw.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-8254

Хлесткина

Е. К.

Khlestkina

E. K.

Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian Federation

2020

27082020

245451458

2020

Швачко Н.А., Хлесткина Е.К.

Shvachko N.A., Khlestkina E.K.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2705

Сохранение генетического разнообразия растений, в том числе хозяйственно значимых культур, является основой продовольственной безопасности. В мире около 90 % генетического разнообразия культурных растений сохраняется в виде семян в генных банках. В процессе хранения в семенах накапливаются свободные радикалы, в первую очередь активные формы кислорода (АФК). Повышение уровня АФК вызывает окислительный стресс, который негативно влияет на качество семян и может привести к полной потере их жизнеспособности. В обзоре обобщены сведения о биохимических процессах, влияющих на продолжительность жизни семян. Проанализированы данные о деструктивном действии свободных радикалов по отношению к макромолекулам клетки растения и пути устранения избыточного количества АФК в растениях, наиболее важным из которых является аскорбат-глутатионовый путь. Рассматривается вопрос взаимосвязи периода покоя и длительности сохранения семян. В исследованиях на семенах разных видов растений была выявлена отрицательная корреляция между периодом покоя и долголетием семян, тогда как в работах с семенами Arabidopsis различные авторы выявили как положительную корреляцию между периодом покоя и длительностью сохранения семян, так и отрицательную. Отрицательная корреляция между периодом покоя и жизнеспособностью, вероятно, свидетельствует о способности семян адаптироваться к изменяющимся условиям окружающей среды. Нами проанализирована информация по генам Arabidopsis, связанным с жизнеспособностью семян. В настоящее время выделено значительное количество локусов и генов, влияющих на долголетие семян. Статья знакомит с современными исследованиями жизнеспособности семян ячменя. Локусы количественных признаков (QTL), связанные с долголетием семян ячменя, были определены на хромосомах 2Н, 5Н и 7Н. В изученных областях QTL выявлены гены Zeo1, Ale, nud, nadp-me и HvGR. Однако вопрос о том, какие гены являются маркерами жизнеспособности семян растений определенного вида, остается открытым.

Conservation of plant genetic diversity, including economically important crops, is the foundation for food safety. About 90 % of the world’s crop genetic diversity is stored as seeds in genebanks. During storage seeds suffer physiological stress consequences, one of which is the accumulation of free radicals, primarily reactive oxygen species (ROS). An increase in ROS leads to oxidative stress, which negatively affects the quality of seeds and can lead to a complete loss of their viability. The review summarizes data on biochemical processes that affect seed longevity. The data on the destructive effect of free radicals towards plant cell macromolecules are analyzed, and the ways to eliminate excessive ROS in plants, the most important of which is the glutathioneascorbate pathway, are discussed. The relationship between seed dormancy and seed longevity is examined. Studying seeds of different plant species revealed a negative correlation between seed dormancy and longevity, while various authors who researched Arabidopsis seeds reported both positive and negative correlations between dormancy and seed longevity. A negative correlation between seed dormancy and viability probably means that seeds are able to adapt to changing environmental conditions. This review provides a summary of Arabidopsis genes associated with seed viability. By now, a significant number of loci and genes affecting seed longevity have been identified. This review contains a synopsis of modern studies on the viability of barley seeds. QTLs associated with barley seed longevity were identified on chromosomes 2H, 5H and 7H. In the QTL regions studied, the Zeo1, Ale, nud, nadp-me, and HvGR genes were identified. However, there is still no definite answer as to which genes would serve as markers of seed viability in a certain plant species.

семенаячменьQТLгены долголетия семянгенетические маркерыбиохимические маркеры

seedsbarleyQТLseed longevity genesgenetic markersbiochemical markers

The research has been accomplished in the framework of State Mission No. 0481-2019-0001

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.