vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ20.648vavilov-2769Research ArticleГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И БИОКОЛЛЕКЦИИPLANT GENETICSВлияние разных типов стерильных цитоплазм (А3, А4, 9Е) на комбинационную способность ЦМС-линий соргоInfluence of different types of sterile cytoplasms (A3, A4, 9E) on the combining ability of CMS lines of sorghumhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1808-8974КибальникО. П.KibalnikO. P.

Саратов

Saratov

kibalnik79@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3806-5697ЭльконинЛ. А.ElkoninL. A.

Саратов

Saratov

Российский научно-исследовательский и проектно-технологический институт сорго и кукурузыРоссияRussian Research and Project-technological Institute of Sorghum and MaizeRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства Юго-ВостокаРоссияAgricultural Research Institute of the South-East Region of RussiaRussian Federation202027102020246549556Copyright © Кибальник О.П., Эльконин Л.А., 20202020Кибальник О.П., Эльконин Л.А.Kibalnik O.P., Elkonin L.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2769

Изучение влияния цитоплазмы на комбинационную способность (КС) линий с цитоплазматической мужской стерильностью (ЦМС) представляет значительный интерес в плане понимания генетических функций цитоплазмы у растений и в практических целях для создания гибридов с улучшенными хозяйственно ценными признаками. С целью выяснения характера влияния разных типов стерильных цитоплазм (А3, А4, 9Е) на КС у сорго исследовали проявление ряда агрономически ценных признаков у 54 гибридных комбинаций F1, полученных с использованием в качестве материнских родителей изоядерных ЦМС-линий, созданных на основе линии Желтозерное 10 и различающихся только типами стерильных цитоплазм (А3, А4 и 9Е). В качестве отцовских родителей были 18 сортов и линий зернового сорго селекции Российского НИИ сорго и кукурузы. Комбинационную способность определяли методом топкросса. Родительские компоненты и гибриды F1 выращивали в 2015–2017 гг. в условиях недостаточной (2015–2016 гг.: гидротермический коэффициент (ГТК) = 0.32–0.66) либо хорошей (2017 г.: ГТК = 1.00) влагообеспеченности. В среднем за три года испытаний выявлены положительное влияние цитоплазмы 9Е на общую комбинационную способность (ОКС) по длине соцветия (0.63) и отрицательные эффекты цитоплазм А3 и А4 (–0.32 и –0.31) на ОКС по этому признаку. В засушливые сезоны отмечены значимые положительные эффекты цитоплазмы 9Е на ОКС по длине наибольшего листа, цитоплазмы А3 – на ОКС по высоте растений и отрицательное влияние цитоплазмы А4 на эти признаки. Во влажный сезон различия отсутствовали. Тип ЦМС не оказывал влияния на ОКС по ширине наибольшего листа и урожайности зерна. Дисперсия специфической комбинационной способности (СКС) в засушливые сезоны оказалась значимой для следующих признаков: длина листа, высота растений, длина и ширина метелки, урожайность. При этом линия с цитоплазмой 9Е отличалась наиболее высокими показателями дисперсии СКС, тогда как линия с цитоплазмой А4 – наименьшими. Полученные данные свидетельствуют, что разные типы стерильных цитоплазм сорго вносят различный вклад в КС в условиях засухи. 

Investigation of the effect of the cytoplasm on the combining ability (CA) of lines with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is of considerable interest in terms of understanding the genetic functions of the cytoplasm and for practical purposes to create hybrids with improved economically valuable traits. In order to investigate the effect of different types of sterile cytoplasm (A3, A4, 9E) on CA in sorghum, we studied the manifestation of a number of biological and agronomic traits in 54 F1 hybrid combinations obtained using iso-nuclear CMS lines with the nuclear genome of the line Zheltozernoye 10, differing only in the types of sterile cytoplasm (A3, A4 and 9E). Eighteen varieties and lines of grain sorghum developed at the Russian Research and Project-technological Institute of Sorghum and Maize were used as paternal parents. The CA was determined by the topcross method. F1 hybrids and their parents were grown in 2015–2017 in conditions of insufficient (2015–2016: HTC (hydro-thermal coefficient) = 0.32–0.66), or good water availability conditions (2017: HTC = 1.00). On average, for three years of testing, a positive effect of the 9E cytoplasm on the general combining ability (GCA) (0.63) and negative effects of the A3 and A4 cytoplasms (–0.32 and –0.31) for the inflorescence length were noted. In dry seasons, significant positive effects of the 9E cytoplasm on GCA for the length of the largest leaf, and positive effects of the A3 cytoplasm on GCA for the plant height, and negative effects of the A4 cytoplasm on GCA for these traits were observed. No differences were observed during the wet season. The type of CMS did not affect the GCA for the width of the largest leaf and grain yield. The dispersion of specific combining ability (SCA) in the dry seasons was significant for the following traits: leaf length, plant height, panicle length and width, and grain yield, the 9E cytoplasm had the highest SCA dispersion, whereas the A4 cytoplasm had the smallest one. The data obtained indicate that different types of sterile cytoplasm of sorghum make a different contribution to CA under conditions of drought stress.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.