vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ20.649vavilov-2770Research ArticleГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И БИОКОЛЛЕКЦИИPLANT GENETICSМолекулярные маркеры в генетическом анализе скрещиваемости мягкой пшеницы с рожьюMolecular markers in the genetic analysis of crossability of bread wheat with ryehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5841-8803ПоротниковИ. В.PorotnikovI. V.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

i.v.porotnikov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8334-8069АнтоноваО. Ю.AntonovaO. Yu.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

МитрофановаО. П.MitrofanovaO. P.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian Federation202027102020246557567Copyright © Поротников И.В., Антонова О.Ю., Митрофанова О.П., 20202020Поротников И.В., Антонова О.Ю., Митрофанова О.П.Porotnikov I.V., Antonova O.Y., Mitrofanova O.P.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2770

Мягкая пшеница (Triticum aestivum L.), сорта которой широко используются в мировом производстве зерна, плохо скрещивается с видами других родов Triticeae Dum., что ограничивает возможности введения чужеродного генетического материала в ее генофонд и создания новых сортов, хорошо адаптированных к различным неблагоприятным абиотическим и биотическим факторам внешней среды. Известно, что скрещиваемость мягкой пшеницы с представителями других родов контролируется генами Kr1–Kr4 (Crossability with Rye, Hordeum and Aegilops spp.) и геном SKr (Suppressor of crossability). Из названных генов наиболее сильное влияние на признак оказывают SKr и Kr1. В рецессивном состоянии, когда гены не функционируют, может завязываться более 50 % зерновок от числа цветков в колосе при опылении пыльцой чужеродного вида. Оба гена локализованы в хромосоме 5B. Расположение гена SKr в коротком плече хромосомы 5B ограничено маркерами GBR0233 и Xgwm234 в тесном сцеплении с маркерами Xcfb341, TGlc2 и gene12. Ген Kr1 расположен в длинном плече хромосомы 5B, проксимальнее гена Ph1, между EST-SSRмаркерами Xw5145 и Xw9340. Маркеры, разработанные для гена SKr, применяли для контроля переноса его рецессивного аллеля skr в другие генотипы мягкой пшеницы, что позволило получать формы с высокой завязываемостью гибридных зерновок при скрещивании с рожью. Однако в целом использование маркеров генов SKr и Kr1 в практической маркер-ориентированной селекции и молекулярном скрининге образцов ex situ коллекций изучено недостаточно. Большие перспективы в этом плане открывает определение полной нуклеотидной последовательности гена Kr1 у контрастных по скрещиваемости сортов мягкой пшеницы, это дает возможность создания внутригенных аллель-специфичных маркеров. В представленном обзоре рассмотрены генетические ресурсы, созданные посредством гибридизации мягкой пшеницы с рожью; вопросы географического распространения легко скрещивающихся форм пшеницы и генетического контроля совместимости пшеницы и ржи; достижения в использовании молекулярных маркеров в картировании Kr-генов и контроле их передачи.

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the varieties of which are widely used for the grain production, is difficultly crossable with related species of Triticeae Dum. This factor limits the chance of introduction of alien genetic material into the wheat gene pool and the possibility of new varieties breeding with good adaptation to adverse environmental factors. The crossability between wheat and related species is controlled by Kr1-Kr4 genes (Crossability with Rye, Hordeum and Aegilops spp.) and the SKr gene (Suppressor of crossability). SKr and Kr1 have the largest influence on the trait. In the case of the recessive alleles, these genes do not function and the quantity of hybrid seeds after pollination with alien species can achieve more than 50 %. SKr is located on 5BS between the GBR0233 and Xgwm234 markers, closely linked with the markers Xcfb341, TGlc2 and gene12. Kr1 was mapped on 5BL, proximally to the Ph1 gene, between the EST-SSR markers Xw5145 and Xw9340. The markers of SKr were used to control the transfer of its recessive allele into other wheat genotypes, which made it possible to obtain highly crossable forms. However, the advantages of using the SKr and Kr1 markers in marker-assisted selection and in the screening of ex situ collections are not sufficiently studied. The published Kr1 sequence for varieties with different crossability offers great prospects, because it will be possible to create allele-specific markers. In this review, the following issues are considered: genetic resources created by wheat and rye hybridization, the geographical distribution of easy-to-cross forms of wheat, genetic control of the wheat and rye compatibility, advances of the use of molecular markers in the mapping of Kr-genes and their transmission control.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.