vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ20.651vavilov-2772Research ArticleГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И БИОКОЛЛЕКЦИИPLANT GENETICSСоматический эмбриогенез представителей рода Larix: состояние и перспективыSomatic embryogenesis in Larix: the state of art and perspectiveshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2965-1758ШмаковВ. Н.ShmakovV. N.

Иркутск

Irkutsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0601-2788КонстантиновЮ. М.KonstantinovYu. M.

Иркутск

Irkutsk

yukon48@mail.ruСибирский институт физиологии и биохимии растений Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияSiberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationСибирский институт физиологии и биохимии растений Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Иркутский государственный университетРоссияSiberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Irkutsk State UniversityRussian Federation202027102020246575588Copyright © Шмаков В.Н., Константинов Ю.М., 20202020Шмаков В.Н., Константинов Ю.М.Shmakov V.N., Konstantinov Y.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2772

Клональное размножение хвойных с использованием соматического эмбриогенеза имеет существенное значение для селекции древесных видов, реализации программ лесоразведения и лесовосстановления. В сочетании с криоконсервацией соматический эмбриогенез создает основу для получения хозяйственно ценных линий клонов и элитных генотипов. Использование в промышленных масштабах в лесном хозяйстве таких генетически проверенных линий клонов может значительно увеличить продуктивность лесов по сравнению с любыми доступными традиционными методами улучшения древесных культур. Лиственница считается одним из основных кандидатов для широкомасштабного лесовосстановления не только за счет обширности занимаемых ареалов, но и благодаря уникальному качеству ее древесины, быстрому росту и высокой экологической пластичности. Однако большинство видов лиственницы характеризуется неравномерностью урожаев и чрезвычайно низким качеством семян. В связи с этим получение посадочного материала для лесовосстановления из семян лиственниц на семенных плантациях нецелесообразно, но может быть успешно реализовано в программах по лесоразведению с применением технологий соматического эмбриогенеза. Исследования по соматическому эмбриогенезу лиственницы проводятся уже более тридцати лет, что позволило накопить значительный опыт в данной области. К настоящему времени изучены условия инициации и поддержания эмбриогенных культур, формирования и развития соматических зародышей. Достигнут значительный прогресс в изучении как факторов, влияющих на эти процессы, так и молекулярных механизмов, лежащих в основе различных этапов эмбриогенеза. Однако имеющихся на сегодняшний день знаний о соматическом эмбриогенезе представителей рода Larix все еще недостаточно для разработки технологий получения селекционно-ценного растительного материала in vitro. В обзоре проведен анализ современного состояния исследований по проблеме соматического эмбриогенеза представителей рода Larix. Особое внимание уделено вопросам выбора эксплантов для соматического эмбриогенеза, составу сред для культивирования, зависимости потенциала соматического эмбриогенеза от продолжительности культивирования, генетическому контролю соматического эмбриогенеза.

Clonal propagation of conifers using somatic embryogenesis is essential for the selection of tree species, and for the implementation of afforestation and reforestation. In combination with cryopreservation, somatic embryogenesis creates the basis for the development of economically valuable lines of clones and elite genotypes. The industrial use of such genetically verified clone lines in forestry can significantly increase forest productivity compared to any conventional methods for improving tree crops that are available. Larch is considered as one of the main conifer candidates for large-scale reforestation, not only due to the vastness of its habitat, but also due to the unique quality of its wood, rapid growth and high ecological plasticity. However, the vast majority of larch species are characterized by uneven yields and extremely low seed quality. In this regard, obtaining planting material for reforestation from larch seeds on seed plantations is not advisable, but can be successfully implemented in afforestation programs using somatic embryogenesis technologies. Research on the somatic embryogenesis of larch has been conducted for over 30 years, which allowed considerable experience in this field to be accumulated. To date, the conditions for the initiation and maintenance of embryogenic cultures, as well as for the formation and development of somatic embryos have been determined. Significant progress has been made in the study of both the factors affecting these processes and the molecular mechanisms that underlie the various stages of embryogenesis. Nevertheless, despite the successes achieved, knowledge available today on the somatic embryogenesis of representatives of the genus Larix is still not enough to develop technologies for producing valuable plant-breeding material in vitro. This review analyzes the current state of research on the problem of somatic embryogenesis of representatives of the genus Larix. Particular attention is paid to the choice of explants for somatic embryogenesis, the composition of the media for cultivation, the dependence of the potential of somatic embryogenesis on the duration of cultivation, and the genetic control of somatic embryogenesis.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.