vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ20.655vavilov-2777Research ArticleГЕНОФОНД И СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENE POOL AND BREEDINGГенетическое разнообразие Raphanus sativus L. коллекции ВИР по алюмоустойчивостиGenetic diversity of VIR Raphanus sativus L. collections on aluminum tolerancehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3197-4751КуринаА. Б.KurinaA. B.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

nastya_n11@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9654-7235КосареваИ. А.KosarevaI. A.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6551-5203АртемьеваА. М.ArtemyevaA. M.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian Federation202027102020246613624Copyright © Курина А.Б., Косарева И.А., Артемьева А.М., 20202020Курина А.Б., Косарева И.А., Артемьева А.М.Kurina A.B., Kosareva I.A., Artemyeva A.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2777

Редис и редька (Raphanus sativus L.) – популярные и широко возделываемые в мире корнеплодные овощные культуры, которые занимают важное место в питании человека. На их продуктивность и качество существенное влияние оказывают эдафические стрессоры. Основным фактором, определяющим фитотоксичность кислых почв, служит повышенная концентрация подвижных ионов алюминия в почвенном растворе. Аккумуляция алюминия в тканях корня нарушает процессы деления клеток, инициации и роста боковых корней, снабжения растения минеральными веществами и водой. Изучение внутривидовой изменчивости по алюмоустойчивости R. sativus является важным этапом в селекции этих культур. Цель настоящего исследования заключалась в изучении генетического разнообразия культур R. sativus на примере 109 образцов редиса и редьки различного эколого-географического происхождения, принадлежащих 23 сортотипам, 14 разновидностям европейского, китайского и японского подвидов, по признаку устойчивости к токсиче скому действию ионов алюминия. При отсутствии специализированной для вида методики экспресс-оценки взят метод оценки алюмоустойчивости с использованием эриохромцианинового красителя, разработанный для зерновых культур, в основе которого лежит учет степени восстановления митотической активности корней проростков, подвергнутых шоковому воздействию повышенных концентраций алюминия. Выявлено влияние различных концентраций на жизнедеятельность растений: концентрация хлорида алюминия 66 мМ оказывала слабое токсическое действие на образцы R. sativus, замедляя отрастание корней; концентрация 83 мМ оказалась в высокой степени дифференцирующей для редиса и в меньшей – для редьки; концентрация 99 мМ полностью ингибировала дальнейший рост корней у 13.0 % образцов редиса и 7.3 % редьки и обладала высоко повреждающим эффектом. Концентрация AlCl3 · 6Н2О 99 мМ позволила выделить наиболее высокотолерантные образцы редиса и редьки, которые происходят из стран с широким распространением кислых почв. В результате исследований широкого разнообразия мировой коллекции определена внутривидовая изменчивость редиса и редьки на ранних этапах вегетации и идентифицированы контрастные по устойчивости к алюминию генотипы. Мы рекомендуем концентрацию 83 мМ AlCl3 · 6Н2О для скрининга алюмоустойчивости образцов редиса, а концентрацию 99 мМ – для образцов редьки. Разработанный нами модифицированный метод предлагается в качестве экспресс-диагностики алюмотолерантности для быстрого скрининга широкого спектра генотипов R. sativus и последующего изучения контрастных форм при более длительном выращивании растений в гидропонной культуре (включая элементный анализ корней и побегов, контрастных по устойчивости образцов), а также реакций растений в почвенных условиях.

Radish and small radish (Raphanus sativus L.) are popular and widely cultivated root vegetables in the world, which occupy an important place in human nutrition. Edaphic stressors have a significant impact on their productivity and quality. The main factor determining the phytotoxicity of acidic soils is the increased concentration of mobile aluminum ions in the soil solution. The accumulation of aluminum in root tissues disrupts the processes of cell division, initiation and growth of the lateral roots, the supply of plants with minerals and water. The study of intraspecific variation in aluminum resistance of R. sativus is an important stage for the breeding of these crops. The purpose of this work was to study the genetic diversity of R. sativus crops including 109 accessions of small radish and radish of various ecological and geographical origin, belonging to 23 types, 14 varieties of European, Chinese and Japanese subspecies on aluminum tolerance. In the absence of a rapid assessment methodology specialized for the species studied, a method is used to assess the aluminum resistance of cereals using an eriochrome cyanine R dye, which is based on the recovery or absence of restoration of mitotic activity of the seedlings roots subjected to shock exposure to aluminum. The effect of various concentrations on the vital activity of plants was revealed: a 66-mM concentration of AlCl3 · 6Н2О had a weak toxic effect on R. sativus accessions slowing down root growth; 83 mM contributed to a large differentiation of the small radish accessions and to a lesser extent for radish; 99 mM inhibited further root growth in 13.0 % of small radish accessions and in 7.3 % of radish and had a highly damaging effect. AlCl3 · 6Н2О at a concentration of 99 mM allowed us to identify the most tolerant small radish and radish accessions that originate from countries with a wide distribution of acidic soils. In a result, it was possible to determine the intraspecific variability of small radish and radish plants in the early stages of vegetation and to identify genotypes that are contrasting in their resistance to aluminum. We recommend the AlCl3 · 6Н2О concentration of 83 mM for screening the aluminum resistance of small radish and 99 mM for radish. The modified method that we developed is proposed as a rapid diagnosis of aluminum tolerance for the screening of a wide range of R. sativus genotypes and a subsequent study of contrasting forms during a longer cultivation of plants in hydroponic culture (including elemental analysis of roots and shoots, contrasting in resistance of accessions) as well as reactions of plants in soil conditions.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.