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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ20.669</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2817</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА И СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ, КАЧЕСТВО, ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И СТРЕССОУСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Паттерн генетического разнообразия у локальных и коммерческих пород свиней на основе анализа микросателлитов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The pattern of genetic diversity of different breeds of pigs based on microsatellite analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8067-0404</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харзинова</surname><given-names>В. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharzinova</surname><given-names>V. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дубровицы, Московская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dubrovitsy, Moscow region</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">veronika0784@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-6863</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зиновьева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinovieva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дубровицы, Московская область</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow region</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства - ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. Эрнста<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. Эрнста<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>747</fpage><lpage>754</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Харзинова В.Р., Зиновьева Н.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Харзинова В.Р., Зиновьева Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kharzinova V.R., Zinovieva N.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2817">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2817</self-uri><abstract><p>Одной из основных задач генетики и селекции животных является оценка генетического разнообразия и исследование генетических взаимоотношений между различными породами и популяциями с помощью методов молекулярно-генетического анализа. Нами проведен анализ полиморфизма микросателлитов и получена информация о состоянии генетического разнообразия и структуры популяций локальных пород свиней, разводимых на территории России (кемеровская, беркширская, ливенская, мангалица, цивильская), Республики Беларусь (крупная белая, черно-пестрая), Украины (степная белая), а также коммерческих пород импортного происхождения отечественной репродукции (крупная белая, ландрас, дюрок). Материалом для исследований служили пробы ткани 1194 образцов свиней из биоресурсной коллекции «Банк генетического материала животных и птиц» ФГБНУ ФИЦ ВИЖ им. Л.К. Эрнста. Полиморфизм 10 STR-локусов (S0155, S0355, S0386, SW24, SO005, SW72, SW951, S0101, SW240, SW857) определяли по ранее разработанной методике с помощью генетического анализатора ABI3130xl (Applied Biosystems, США). Для оценки аллелофонда каждой породы рассчитывали среднее число аллелей (NA) и эффективное число аллелей (NE ) на локус, аллельное разнообразие (AR), вычисленное с применением процедуры рарификации, наблюдаемую (HO) и ожидаемую (HE ) гетерозиготность, индекс фиксации (FIS). Степень генетической дифференциации пород оценивали на основании попарных значений FST и D. Анализ параметров аллельного и генетического разнообразия локальных пород показал максимальный уровень полиморфности у свиней украинской степной породы (NA = 6.500, NE = 3.709, AR = 6.020), а минимальный – у свиней породы дюрок (4.875, 2.119 и 3.821 соответственно). Наиболее высокий уровень генетического разнообразия выявлен у свиней крупной белой породы Республики Беларусь (HO = 0.707, HE = 0.702). Минимальный уровень генетического разнообразия установлен у свиней импортных пород ландрас (HO = 0.459, HE = 0.400) и дюрок (HO = 0.480, HE = 0.469), что, возможно, указывает на высокое давление отбора в этих породах. По результатам филогенетического анализа выявлена генетическая обособленность пород свиней корня крупной белой породы, в создании которых принимали участие беркширские свиньи, и отдаленность пород ландрас и мангалица. Кластерный анализ показал генетическую консолидированность свиней пород черно-пестрая, беркширская и мангалица. Отличной от других пород генетической структурой характеризовались также импортные породы свиней с кластеризацией в зависимости от происхождения. Информация, полученная в ходе исследований, может служить руководством для стратегий управления и разведения изученных пород свиней с целью лучшего их использования и сохранения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One of the main tasks of genetics and animal breeding is the assessment of genetic diversity and the study of genetic relationships between different breeds and populations using molecular genetic analysis methods. We analysed the polymorphism of microsatellites and the information on the state of genetic diversity and the population structure of local breeds in Russia: the Kemerovo, the Berkshire, the Liven, the Mangalitsa, and the Civilian; in the Republic of Belarus: the Large White and the Black-and-White; and in Ukraine: the White Steppe, as well as commercial breeds of imported origin of domestic reproduction: the Large White, the Landrace, and the Duroc. The materials used for this study were the tissue and DNA samples extracted from 1,194 pigs and DNA of the UNU “Genetic material bank of domestic and wild animal species and birds” of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry. Polymorphisms of 10 microsatellites (S0155, S0355, S0386, SW24, SO005, SW72, SW951, S0101, SW240, and SW857) were determined according to the previously developed technique using DNA analyser ABI3130xl. To estimate the allele pool of each population, the average number of alleles (NA), the effective number of alleles (NE ) based on the locus, the rarified allelic richness (AR), the observed (HO ) and expected (HE ) heterozygosity, and the fixation index (FIS) were calculated. The degree of genetic differentiation of the breeds was assessed based on the pairwise values of FST and D. The analysis of the allelic and genetic diversity parameters of the local breeds showed that the maximum and minimum levels of polymorphism were observed in pigs of the Ukrainian White Steppe breed (NA = 6.500, NE = 3.709, and AR = 6.020) and in pigs of the Duroc breed (NA = 4.875, NE = 2.119, and AR = 3.821), respectively. The highest level of genetic diversity was found in the Large White breed of the Republic of Belarus (HO = 0.707 and NE = 0.702). The minimum level of genetic diversity was found in pigs of the imported breeds – the Landrace (HO = 0.459, HE = 0.400) and the Duroc (HO = 0.480, HE = 0.469) – indicating a high selection pressure in these breeds. Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, the genetic origin of Large White pigs, the breeds, from which the Berkshire pigs originated, and the genetic detachment of the Landrace from the Mangalitsa breeds were revealed. The cluster analysis showed a genetic consolidation of the Black-and-White, the Berkshire, and the Mangalitsa pigs. Additionally, the imported breeds with clustering depending on the origin were characterised by a genetic structure different from that of the other breeds. The information obtained from these studies can serve as a guide for the management and breeding strategies of the pig breeds studied, to allow their better use and conservation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>породы свиней</kwd><kwd>микросателлиты</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pig breeds</kwd><kwd>microsatellites</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследования выполнены при поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (АААА-А18- 118021590138-1 по теме 0445-2019-0026).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зиновьева Н.А., Харзинова В.Р., Сизарева Е.И., Гладырь Е.А., Костюнина О.В., Луговой С.И., Тапиха В.А., Гамко Л.Н., Овсеенко Е.В., Шавырина К.М., Эрнст Л.К. 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