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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ20.688</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2850</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAINSTREAM TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Апробация различных вариантов RNA-seq для идентификации аутронов генов у плоского червя Opisthorchis felineus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of various RNA-seq approaches for identification of gene outrons in the flatworm Opisthorchis felineus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3423-3497</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ершов</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ershov</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">ershov@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маслов</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslov</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5602-5149</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондарь</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondar</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук;&#13;
Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>897</fpage><lpage>904</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ершов Н.И., Маслов Д.Е., Бондарь Н.П., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ершов Н.И., Маслов Д.Е., Бондарь Н.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ershov N.I., Maslov D.E., Bondar N.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2850">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2850</self-uri><abstract><p>Opisthorchis felineus – представитель паразитических плоских червей, один из возбудителей описторхоза человека. Недавно нами была проведена сборка генома O. felineus, однако корректная аннотация генов в этом геноме стандартными методами оказалась затруднена наличием сплайс-лидер зависимого транс-сплайсинга (SLTS). В результате SLTS исходный 5’-конец (аутрон) транскриптов заменяется короткой сплайс-лидерной последовательностью, донором которой выступает специализированная молекула SL РНК. SLTS вовлечен в процессинг РНК более половины всех генов O. felineus, из-за чего становится невозможным установить последовательности аутронов и реальные старты транскрипции соответствующих генов и оперонов, опираясь только на данные mRNA-seq. В настоящей работе мы провели апробацию различных экспериментальных подходов для идентификации последовательностей аутронов у O. felineus с помощью массового параллельного секвенирования. Два подхода были спланированы нами для прицельного секвенирования процессированных разветвленных аутронов. Первый заключался в сиквенс-специфичной обратной транскрипции с SL-интрона в направлении 5’-конца аутрона. Во втором использовалась гибридизация аутронов с иммобилизованным одноцепочечным ДНК-зондом, комплементарным SL-интрону. Также были использованы два подхода к секвенированию тотальной РНК, обедненной по рРНК, позволяющих идентифицировать более широкий спектр транскриптов, чем mRNA-seq. Один из них основан на ферментативной элиминации перепредставленных кДНК, другой  – на ферментативной деградации некэпированных РНК экзонуклеазой Terminator. С помощью селективных методов нам не удалось получить обогащения препаратов РНК по процессированным аутронам, что, наиболее вероятно, связано с коротким временем жизни этих промежуточных продуктов транс-сплайсинга. Из двух методов обеднения по рРНК высокую эффективность показал метод, основанный на ферментативной нормализации кДНК (Zymo-Seq RiboFree). Он позволил примерно вдвое увеличить долю прочтений, соответствующих аутронам и интронам, по сравнению с mRNA-seq. Полученные результаты предполагают, что основным ресурсом последовательностей аутронов в пуле РНК O. felineus служат новосинтезированные непроцессированные транскрипты.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The parasitic flatworm Opisthorchis felineus is one of the causative agents of opisthorchiasis in humans. Recently, we assembled the O. felineus genome, but the correct genome annotation by means of standard methods was hampered by the presence of spliced leader trans-splicing (SLTS). As a result of SLTS, the original 5’-end (outron) of the transcripts is replaced by a short spliced leader sequence donated from a specialized SL RNA. SLTS is involved in the RNA processing of more than half of O. felineus genes, making it hard to determine the structure of outrons and bona fide transcription start sites of the corresponding genes and operons, being based solely on mRNA-seq data. In the current study, we tested various experimental approaches for identifying the sequences of outrons in O. felineus using massive parallel sequencing. Two of them were developed by us for targeted sequencing of already processed branched outrons. One was based on sequence-specific reverse transcription from the SL intron toward the 5’-end of the Y-branched outron. The other used outron hybridization with an immobilized single-stranded DNA probe complementary to the SL intron. Additionally, two approaches to the sequencing of rRNA-depleted total RNA were used, allowing the identification of a wider range of transcripts compared to mRNAseq. One is based on the enzymatic elimination of overrepresented cDNAs, the other utilizes exonucleolytic degradation of uncapped RNA by Terminator enzyme. By using the outron-targeting methods, we were not able to obtain the enrichment of RNA preparations by processed outrons, which is most likely indicative of a rapid turnover of these trans-splicing intermediate products. Of the two rRNA depletion methods, a method based on the enzymatic normalization of cDNA (Zymo-Seq RiboFree) showed high efficiency. Compared to mRNA-seq, it provides an approximately twofold increase in the fraction of reads originating from outrons and introns. The results suggest that unprocessed nascent transcripts are the main source of outron sequences in the RNA pool of O. felineus.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>описторхоз</kwd><kwd>сплайс-лидер зависимый транс-сплайсинг</kwd><kwd>аутрон</kwd><kwd>старт транскрипции</kwd><kwd>транскриптом</kwd><kwd>рибосомальная фракция РНК</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>opisthorchiasis</kwd><kwd>spliced leader trans-splicing</kwd><kwd>outron</kwd><kwd>start of transcription</kwd><kwd>transcriptome</kwd><kwd>ribosomal RNA</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project 18-74-00101</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beer S.A. Biology of the Agent of Opisthorchiasis. Moscow, 2005. 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