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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ21.008</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2917</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОИНФОРМАТИКА И СИСТЕМНАЯ КОМПЬЮТЕРНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOINFORMATICS AND COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение количественного содержания хлорофиллов в листьях по спектрам отражения алгоритмом случайного леса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Determination of the quantitative content of chlorophylls in leaves by reflection spectra using the random forest algorithm</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0602-3097</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Урбанович</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Urbanovich</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.urbanovich98@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9738-1409</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афонников</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afonnikov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаев</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>НовосибирскМосква</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>NovosibirskMoscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский государственный технический университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State Technical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Московская государственная академия ветеринарной медицины и биотехнологии – МВА им. К.И. Скрябина<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA named after K.I. Skryabin<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Урбанович Е.А., Афонников Д.А., Николаев С.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Урбанович Е.А., Афонников Д.А., Николаев С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Urbanovich E.A., Afonnikov D.A., Nikolaev S.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2917">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2917</self-uri><abstract><p>Определение количественного содержания хлорофиллов в листьях растений по их спектрам отражения – важная задача как при мониторинге состояния естественных и промышленных фитоценозов, так и в лабораторных исследованиях нормальных и патологических процессов в ходе роста растения. Применение для этих целей методов машинного обучения является перспективным, поскольку они позволяют «автоматически» строить решающие правила для получения результата (модель предсказания), а исследователю (для повышения качества предсказания) остаются модификация предикторов и выбор множества параметров метода. В статье приведены результаты построения решающих правил алгоритмом случайного леса (random forest) для предсказания суммарной концентрации хлорофиллов a и b по спектрам отражения листьев растений в видимом и инфракрасном (ИК) диапазонах длин волн. Набор данных взят из открытых источников. Они включали 276 образцов листьев 39 видов растений. При этом 181 образец получен при анализе листьев белого клена (Acer pseudoplatanus L.). Спектр отражения представлен в диапазоне 400–2500 нм с шагом 1 нм. Обучение происходило на 85 % образцов A. pseudoplatanus L., оценка качества предсказания – на оставшихся 15 % образцов этого вида (валидационная выборка). Построено шесть моделей на основе алгоритма случайного леса с разными предикторами. Подбор управляющих параметров осуществляли при помощи перекрестной проверки на пяти разбиениях. Предикторами первой модели выступали имеющиеся значения по спектру отражения без какой-либо обработки с нашей стороны. После проведения анализа этой модели были выбраны диапазоны длин волн предикторов для оставшихся пяти моделей. Лучшие предсказания имеют модели с разностной производной спектра отражения в видимом диапазоне длин волн. Модель с первой производной спектра отражения в диапазоне 400–800 нм с шагом 1 нм брали для сравнения с моделью других авторов. Этой моделью выступает функциональная зависимость с двумя неизвестными параметрами, подбираемыми методом наименьших квадратов, и двумя коэффициентами отражения, выбор которых описывается в настоящей статье. Сравнение результатов предсказаний модели с применением алгоритма случайного леса проводили как на валидационной выборке клена, так и на выборке из других видов растений. В первом случае предсказания метода на основе случайного леса имели меньшую оценку среднеквадратического отклонения. Во втором случае предсказания этого метода были с большой ошибкой при малых значениях хлорофилла, в то время как сторонний метод имел приемлемые предсказания. В статье приводятся анализ результатов и рекомендации по применению этого метода машинного обучения для оценки количественного содержания хлорофиллов в листьях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Determining the quantitative content of chlorophylls in plant leaves by their reflection spectra is an important task both in monitoring the state of natural and industrial phytocenoses, and in laboratory studies of normal and pathological processes during plant growth. The use of machine learning methods for these purposes is promising, since these methods allow inferring the relationships between input and output variables (prediction model), and in order to improve the quality of the prediction, a researcher may modify predictors and selects a set of method parameters. Here, we present the results of the implementation and evaluation of the random forest algorithm for predicting the total concentration of chlorophylls a and b from the ref lection spectra of plant leaves in the visible and infrared wavelengths. We used the ref lection spectra for 276 leaf samples from 39 plant species obtained from open sources. 181 samples were from the sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.). The ref lection spectrum represented wavelengths from 400 to 2500 nm with a step of 1 nm. The training set consisted of the 85 % of A. pseudoplatanus L. samples, and the performance was evaluated on the remaining 15 % samples of this species (validation sample). Six models based on the random forest algorithm with different predictors were evaluated. The selection of control parameters was performed by cross-checking on five partitions. For the f irst model, the intensity of the ref lection spectra without any transformation was used. Based on the analysis of this model, the optimal ranges of wavelengths for the remaining f ive models were selected. The best results were obtained by models that used a two-point estimation of the derivative of the ref lection spectrum in the visible wavelength range as input data. We compared one of these models (the two-point estimation of the derivative of the ref lection spectrum in the range of 400–800 nm with a step of 1 nm) with the model by other authors (which is based on the functional dependence between two unknown parameters selected by the least squares method and two ref lection coeff icients, the choice of which is described in the article). The comparison of the results of predictions of the model based on the random forest algorithm with the model of other authors was carried out both on the validation sample of maple and on the sample from other plant species. In the f irst case, the predictions of the method based on a random forest had a lower estimate of the standard deviation. In the second case, the predictions of this method had a large error for small values of chlorophyll, while the third-party method had acceptable predictions. The article provides the analysis of the results, as well as recommendations for using this machine learning method to assess the quantitative content of chlorophylls in leaves.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>случайный лес</kwd><kwd>дистанционные методы</kwd><kwd>оптика листа растения</kwd><kwd>пигменты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>random forest</kwd><kwd>remote methods</kwd><kwd>leaf optics</kwd><kwd>pigments</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research No. 17-29-08028 and budget project No. 0259-2021-0009.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alt V.V., Gurova T.A., Elkin O.V., Klimenko D.N., Maximov L.V., Pestunov I.A., Dubrovskaya O.A., Genaev M.A., Erst T.V., Genaev K.A., Komyshev E.G., Khlestkin V.K., Afonnikov D.A. 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