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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ21.011</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2921</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОИНФОРМАТИКА И СИСТЕМНАЯ КОМПЬЮТЕРНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOINFORMATICS AND COMPUTATIONAL SYSTEMS BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Механический стресс клеток мозга, локальная трансляция и нейродегенеративные заболевания: молекулярно-генетические аспекты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The molecular view of mechanical stress of brain cells, local translation, and neurodegenerative diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хлебодарова</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khlebodarova</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tamara@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Курчатовский геномный центр Института цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Kurchatov Genomic Center of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хлебодарова Т.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хлебодарова Т.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khlebodarova T.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2921">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2921</self-uri><abstract><p>Идея о том, что хронический механический стресс, который испытывают клетки мозга при повышенном внутричерепном давлении, артериальной гипертензии или вследствие травмы, может быть одним из факторов риска в развитии нейродегенеративных заболеваний, появилась еще в 90-е годы прошлого столетия и поддерживается в настоящее время. Однако молекулярно-генетические механизмы реализации событий, ведущих от механического воздействия на клетки к нарушению пластичности синапсов и последующему изменению поведения, когнитивных способностей и памяти, не ясны. В настоящем обзоре рассмотрены существующие данные о молекулярно-генетических механизмах регуляции локальной трансляции и актинового цитоскелета в активированном синапсе, играющих центральную роль в формировании различных видов пластичности синапса и долговременной памяти, и возможных путях влияния механического стресса на их состояние. Обсуждается роль mTOR сигнального каскада, РНК-связывающего белка FMRP, белка CYFIP1, взаимодействующего с FMRP, семейства малых ГТФаз и WAVE регуляторного комплекса в регуляции инициации локальной трансляции и перестроек актинового цитоскелета в дендритных шипиках активированного синапса. Приводятся факты, свидетельствующие о том, что в условиях хронического механического стресса возможна аберрантная активация mTOR сигнального каскада и WAVE регуляторного комплекса через сенсор механических сигналов – регуляторный фактор YAP/TAZ, следствием которой могут быть нарушения активности системы локальной трансляции, а также связанных с ними механизмов регуляции формирования F-актиновых филаментов и структуры дендритных шипиков. Это может быть одной из причин развития различных неврологических патологий, включая аутистические расстройства и эпилептическую энцефалопатию. Высказывается оригинальная гипотеза, согласно которой одной из возможных причин синаптопатий может быть нарушение стабильности протеома, связанное с гиперактивностью mTOR и формированием сложных динамических режимов синтеза белков de novo в ответ на стимуляцию синапса, в том числе и в условиях хронического механического стресса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The assumption that chronic mechanical stress in brain cells stemming from intracranial hypertension, arterial hypertension, or mechanical injury is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases was put forward in the 1990s and has since been supported. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the way from cell exposure to mechanical stress to disturbances in synaptic plasticity followed by changes in behavior, cognition, and memory are still poorly understood. Here we review (1) the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms regulating local translation and the actin cytoskeleton state at an activated synapse, where they play a key role in the formation of various sorts of synaptic plasticity and long-term memory, and (2) possible pathways of mechanical stress intervention. The roles of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway; the RNA-binding FMRP protein; the CYFIP1 protein, interacting with FMRP; the family of small GTPases; and the WAVE regulatory complex in the regulation of translation initiation and actin cytoskeleton rearrangements in dendritic spines of the activated synapse are discussed. Evidence is provided that chronic mechanical stress may result in aberrant activation of mTOR signaling and the WAVE regulatory complex via the YAP/TAZ system, the key sensor of mechanical signals, and influence the associated pathways regulating the formation of F actin filaments and the dendritic spine structure. These consequences may be a risk factor for various neurological conditions, including autistic spectrum disorders and epileptic encephalopathy. In further consideration of the role of the local translation system in the development of neuropsychic and neurodegenerative diseases, an original hypothesis was put forward that one of the possible causes of synaptopathies is impaired proteome stability associated with mTOR hyperactivity and formation of complex dynamic modes of de novo protein synthesis in response to synapse-stimulating factors, including chronic mechanical stress.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синапс</kwd><kwd>механосенсор YAP/TAZ</kwd><kwd>mTOR</kwd><kwd>FMRP-зависимая трансляция</kwd><kwd>сложная динамика</kwd><kwd>F-актин</kwd><kwd>WAVE регуляторный комплекс</kwd><kwd>расстройства аутистического спектра</kwd><kwd>эпилептическая энцефалопатия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>synapse</kwd><kwd>YAP/TAZ mechanosensor</kwd><kwd>mTOR</kwd><kwd>FMRP-dependent translation</kwd><kwd>complex dynamics</kwd><kwd>F actin</kwd><kwd>WAVE regulatory complex</kwd><kwd>autism spectrum disorders</kwd><kwd>epileptic encephalopathy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was supported by the budget project No. 0259-2021-0009.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abekhoukh S., Bardoni B. 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