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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ21.012</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2922</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOTECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биоинформационный анализ сплайс-лидерного транс-сплайсинга у регенерирующего плоского червя Macrostomum lignano показал его преобладание среди консервативных генов и генов стволовых клеток</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Computational analysis of spliced leader trans-splicing in the regenerative flatworm Macrostomum lignano reveals its prevalence in conserved and stem cell related genes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4346-3868</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Устьянцев</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ustyantsev</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1145-2884</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Березиков</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berezikov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eberez@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Устьянцев К.В., Березиков Е.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Устьянцев К.В., Березиков Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ustyantsev K.V., Berezikov E.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2922">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2922</self-uri><abstract><p>Транс-сплайсинг у эукариот – это процесс созревания ядерных пре-мРНК, когда две различные молекулы РНК соединяются с помощью структур сплайсосомы по механизму, схожему с цис-сплайсингом. У различных таксонов низших эукариот наиболее распространенный тип транс-сплайсинга – сплайс-лидерный (СЛ) транс-сплайсинг, при котором одинаковая последовательность, происходящая от коротких малых ядерных РНК молекул, называемых СЛ РНК, присоединяется к 5’-концам различных непроцессированных пре-мРНК. Одна из функций СЛ транс-сплайсинга состоит в процессировании полицистронных молекул пре-мРНК, транскрибируемых с оперонов, когда транскрипция нескольких генов осуществляется как одна молекула пре-мРНК. Однако лишь часть генов, подвергающихся транс-сплайсингу, содержится в оперонах, что говорит о том, что у СЛ транссплайсинга должны быть и другие, менее изученные, функции. Регенерирующие плоские черви являются информативными модельными организмами, хранящими ключи к пониманию механизмов регуляции стволовых клеток и их дифференцировки во время регенерации и при гомеостазе. Их способность к регенерации – следствие деления и дифференцировки соматических стволовых клеток, называемых необластами, которые присутствуют у взрослых особей. Macrostomum lignano – модельный плоский червь, в исследованиях на котором в последние годы достигнут существенный технологический прогресс, включая разработку метода трансгенеза. Сплайс-лидерный транс-сплайсинг ранее не был детально изучен у M. lignano, хотя известно, что значительная часть генов M. lignano подвергается этому типу транс-сплайсинга. В настоящей работе мы осуществили первое обширное исследование СЛ транс-сплайсинга у M. lignano. Повторно проанализировав геномные и транскриптомные данные M. lignano, мы оцениваем, что 30 % его генов подвергаются СЛ транс-сплайсингу, 15 % расположены в оперонах, а почти 40 % находятся в оперонах и проходят через СЛ транс-сплайсинг. Мы провели аннотацию и охарактеризовали последовательность СЛ РНК и консервативных мотивов цис- и транс-сплайсинга. Обнаружено, что большинство генов, подвергающихся СЛ транс-сплайсингу, эволюционно консервативны и значительно перепредставлены в генах, специфичных для необластов. Наши результаты предполагают важную роль СЛ транс-сплайсинга в регуляции функционирования необластов у M. lignano.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In eukaryotes, trans-splicing is a process of nuclear pre-mRNA maturation where two different RNA molecules are joined together by the spliceosomal machinery utilizing mechanisms similar to cis-splicing. In diverse taxa of lower eukaryotes, spliced leader (SL) trans-splicing is the most frequent type of trans-splicing, when the same sequence derived from short small nuclear RNA molecules, called SL RNAs, is attached to the 5’ ends of different non-processed pre-mRNAs. One of the functions of SL trans-splicing is processing polycistronic pre-mRNA molecules transcribed from operons, when several genes are transcribed as one pre-mRNA molecule. However, only a fraction of trans-spliced genes reside in operons, suggesting that SL trans-splicing must also have some other, less understood functions. Regenerative flatworms are informative model organisms which hold the keys to understand the mechanism of stem cell regulation and specialization during regeneration and homeostasis. Their ability to regenerate is fueled by the division and differentiation of the adult somatic stem cell population called neoblasts. Macrostomum lignano is a flatworm model organism where substantial technological advances have been achieved in recent years, including the development of transgenesis. Although a large fraction of genes in M. lignano were estimated to be SL trans-spliced, SL trans-splicing was not studied in detail in M. lignano before. Here, we performed the first comprehensive study of SL trans-splicing in M. lignano. By reanalyzing the existing genome and transcriptome data of M. lignano, we estimate that 30 % of its genes are SL trans-spliced, 15 % are organized in operons, and almost 40 % are both SL trans-spliced and in operons. We annotated and characterized the sequence of SL RNA and characterized conserved cis- and SL transsplicing motifs. Finally, we found that a majority of SL trans-spliced genes are evolutionarily conserved and signif icantly over-represented in neoblast-specific genes. Our findings suggest an important role of SL trans-splicing in the regulation and maintenance of neoblasts in M. lignano.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>плоские черви</kwd><kwd>регенерация</kwd><kwd>сплайсинг</kwd><kwd>транс-сплайсинг</kwd><kwd>необласты</kwd><kwd>сплайс-лидер</kwd><kwd>Macrostomum lignano</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>flatworms</kwd><kwd>regeneration</kwd><kwd>splicing</kwd><kwd>trans-splicing</kwd><kwd>neoblasts</kwd><kwd>spliced leader</kwd><kwd>Macrostomum lignano</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>A part of work on SL motifs discovery and SL RNA gene mapping was done by K. Ustyantsev at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS and supported by the budget project No. 0259-2021-0009. The rest of the study was performed by K. Ustyantsev and E. Berezikov at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS and supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 20-14-00147 to E. 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