References

vavilov

Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding

2500-3259

Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS

10.18699/VJ21.013

vavilov-2923

Research Article

БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Macrostomum lignano как модельный объект для исследования генетики и геномики паразитических плоских червей

Macrostomum lignano as a model to study the genetics and genomics of parasitic flatworms

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4346-3868

Устьянцев

К. В.

Ustyantsev

K. V.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

Вавилова

В. Ю.

Vavilova

V. Yu.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

Блинов

А. Г.

Blinov

A. G.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1145-2884

Березиков

Е. В.

Berezikov

E. V.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

eberez@bionet.nsc.ru

Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation

2021

15032021

251108116

2021

Устьянцев К.В., Вавилова В.Ю., Блинов А.Г., Березиков Е.В.

Ustyantsev K.V., Vavilova V.Y., Blinov A.G., Berezikov E.V.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2923

Инфекциям различных видов паразитических плоских червей подвержены сотни миллионов человек по всему миру. Как острые, так и хронические инфекции в отсутствие лечения с высокой частотой приводят к развитию тяжелых патологий и даже к смерти. Данные о снижении эффективности некоторых важных противогельминтных лекарственных препаратов и развитии резистентности к ним вынуждают исследователей искать альтернативные соединения. Паразитические плоские черви обладают сложным жизненным циклом, трудоемки и дорогостоящи в разведении, а также имеют ряд приспособлений, осложняющих работу с ними стандартными молекулярно-биологическими методами. Напротив, эволюционно близкородственные паразитическим плоским червям свободноживущие виды плоских червей лишены вышеописанных трудностей, что делает их перспективными альтернативными модельными объектами для поиска и исследования гомологичных генов. В этом обзоре мы описываем применение базального свободноживущего плоского червя Macrostomum lignano в качестве такой модели. M. lignano обладает большим набором удобных биологических и экспериментальных особенностей, таких как быстрое время репродукции, дешевизна и легкость в лабораторном разведении, оптическая прозрачность тела, облигатное половое размножение, аннотированные геномные и транскриптомные сборки, а также доступность современных молекулярных методов исследования, включая трансгенез, генный нокдаун с помощью РНК-интерференции и гибридизацию in situ. Все это делает M. lignano пригодным для применения самых современных подходов «прямой» и «обратной» генетики, таких как транспозонный инсерционный мутагенез и методы направленного редактирования генома с использованием системы CRISPR/Cas9. Благодаря растущему количеству доступных сборок геномов и транскриптомов различных видов паразитических плоских червей новые знания, полученные в исследованиях на M. lignano, могут быть легко транслированы на паразитических плоских червей с применением современных биоинформационных подходов сравнительной геномики и транскриптомики. В подтверждение этому мы приводим результаты нашего биоинформационного поиска и анализа гомологичных генов M. lignano и паразитических плоских червей, которые позволили определить список перспективных генов-мишеней для дальнейшего исследования.

Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are infected by various species of parasitic flatworms. Without treatment, acute and chronical infections frequently lead to the development of severe pathologies and even death. Emerging data on a decreasing eff iciency of some important anthelmintic compounds and the emergence of resistance to them force the search for alternative drugs. Parasitic flatworms have complex life cycles, are laborious and expensive in culturing, and have a range of anatomic and physiological adaptations that complicate the application of standard molecular-biological methods. On the other hand, free-living flatworm species, evolutionarily close to parasitic flatworms, do not have the abovementioned diff iculties, which makes them potential alternative models to search for and study homologous genes. In this review, we describe the use of the basal free-living flatworm Macrostomum lignano as such a model. M. lignano has a number of convenient biological and experimental properties, such as fast reproduction, easy and non-expensive laboratory culturing, optical body transparency, obligatory sexual reproduction, annotated genome and transcriptome assemblies, and the availability of modern molecular methods, including transgenesis, gene knockdown by RNA interference, and in situ hybridization. All this makes M. lignano amenable to the most modern approaches of forward and reverse genetics, such as transposon insertional mutagenesis and methods of targeted genome editing by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Due to the availability of an increasing number of genome and transcriptome assemblies of different parasitic flatworm species, new knowledge generated by studying M. lignano can be easily translated to parasitic f latworms with the help of modern bioinformatic methods of comparative genomics and transcriptomics. In support of this, we provide the results of our bioinformatics search and analysis of genes homologous between M. lignano and parasitic flatworms, which predicts a list of promising gene targets for subsequent research.

плоские червипаразитические червимодельный организм

flatwormsparasitic flatwormsmodel organism

The work on comparative analysis of the characteristics of M. lignano, planarians, and parasitic flatworms was supported by the budget project No. 0259-2021-0009 and done by V.V., A.B., and E.B. The search and analysis of homologous genes between M. lignano and parasitic flatworms, as well as the analysis of prospective methods and gene targets was done by K.U. in the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences by financial support from by Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 19-74-00029.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.