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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ21.018</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2972</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА РАЗВИТИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETIC ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Увеличение доли трансгенных растений в потомстве трансформантов рапса Brassica napus L.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>An increased proportion of transgenic plants in the progeny of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) transformants</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3349-8461</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ралдугина</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Raldugina</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">raldugina42@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6891-0121</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хоанг</surname><given-names>Т. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hoang</surname><given-names>T. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва;</p><p>Ханой</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow;</p><p>Hanoi</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нгок</surname><given-names>Х. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ngoc</surname><given-names>H. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпычев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpichev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт физиологии растений им. К.А. Тимирязева Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт физиологии растений им. К.А. Тимирязева Российской академии наук;&#13;
Институт сельскохозяйственной генетики<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
NKLPCB, Agricultural Genetics Institute<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>147</fpage><lpage>156</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ралдугина Г.Н., Хоанг Т.Ж., Нгок Х.Б., Карпычев И.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ралдугина Г.Н., Хоанг Т.Ж., Нгок Х.Б., Карпычев И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Raldugina G.N., Hoang T.Z., Ngoc H.B., Karpichev I.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2972">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2972</self-uri><abstract><p>Семядольные и листовые экспланты двух сортов ярового рапса (канолы) были трансформированы с использованием Agrobacterium tumefaciens, несущими генетическую конструкцию с геном-маркером gfp. Для уменьшения доли витрифицированных побегов-регенерантов мы оптимизировали содержание сахарозы в среде регенерации. Анализ потомства, полученного от растений поколения T0, показал, что в ряде линий распределение маркера gfp не подчинялось сегрегации моногенного признака по Менделю для самоопыляемых растений, в то время как в потомстве других линий маркер gfp полностью отсутствовал, хотя его присутствие было подтверждено у всех отобранных растений T0. Обнаружено, что у индивидуальных трансформантов gfp наследуется случайным образом по всему центральному цветоносу, его наличие в геноме проростков не зависело от местоположения стручка. Таким образом, в образовании гамет растений T0 участвовали оба типа клеток – трансформированные и нетрансформированные. Помимо того, сегрегация маркера различалась у растений линий T1, полученных черенкованием первичного трансформанта, в зависимости от местоположения черенка на стебле исходного растения, что указывает на химерность растений данного поколения. Далее установлено, что черенкование растений с последующим размножением семенами, образовавшимися в результате самоопыления, приводило к увеличению доли трансгенных растений в следующих поколениях. Полученные результаты показывают, что трансформанты были химерными, т. е. их ткани содержали как трансгенные, так и нетрансгенные клетки, и эта химерность передавалась в последующие поколения. Кроме состава питательных сред, на появление химерных растений во время трансформации влияют такие факторы, как генотип растения и тип экспланта. Основываясь на этих результатах, мы разработали упрощенный метод, состоящий из нескольких раундов комбинации черенкования, получения семян методом самоопыления и последующей отбраковки растений дикого типа, который позволил значительно обогатить популяции потомков исходных трансформантов рапса растениями, трансгенными по маркеру gfp.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cotyledon and leaf explants of two spring rapeseed varieties were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring a genetic construct with the gfp marker gene. In order to reduce the proportion of hyperhydrated shoots, which appeared during regenerant formation, we optimized sucrose content in the regeneration media. Analysis of the progeny obtained from T0 regenerants showed that in a number of lines the distribution of the gfp marker did not follow Mendelian segregation of a monogenic trait in self-pollinated plants, while in the progeny of the other lines of transgenic plants, the gfp marker was completely absent, although its presence had been confirmed in all selected T0 plants. We also found that in individual transformants gfp is randomly inherited throughout the central peduncle; its presence in the genome of seedlings does not depend on the location of the pod. Thus, both transformed and non-transformed cells were involved in the formation of gametes in T0 plants. In addition, marker segregation was different in plants of the T1 line obtained by nodal cuttings of a primary transformant, depending on the location of the cuttings on the stem of the original plant, indicating that the nature of T1 generation plants was also chimeric. Furthermore, we showed that propagation of plants by cutting followed by propagation by seeds formed as a result of self-pollination led to an increase in the proportion of transgenic plants in subsequent generations. The results obtained during the course of this study show that the transformants were chimeric, i. e. their tissues contained both transgenic and non-transgenic cells, and this chimeric nature was passed on to subsequent generations. We found that, in addition to nutrient media composition, other factors such as plant genotype and explant type also contribute to the rising of chimeric plants during transformation. Based on these results, we developed a simplified method, which consists of several rounds of a combination of cutting, seed production by self-pollination, and subsequent culling of wild-type plants, which significantly enriched descendent populations of the original rapeseed transformants with plants transgenic for the gfp marker.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наследование трансгена</kwd><kwd>трансформация</kwd><kwd>химера</kwd><kwd>витрификация (гипергидратация)</kwd><kwd>рапс (канола)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transgene inheritance</kwd><kwd>transformation</kwd><kwd>chimera</kwd><kwd>vitrification</kwd><kwd>rapeseeds</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. 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